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the answer which is directly and clearly stated which is focused to the question. We can see the example in the short conversation below:
5 A: Where’s the roast beef? B: The dog looks happy.
B’s answer means something like ‘in answer to your question, the beef has been eaten by the dog’. However, B does not say that, instead she says something
that seems irrelevant to A’s question. B’s answer can be made relevant to A’s question, supposing B does not know the exact answer, by implicating that the
dog may eat the beef since it looks happy and full.
d. Maxim of Manner
In maxim of manner, we are expected to be perspicuous, means that we have to say in the clearest, briefest and most orderly manner. In this maxim, there
are some rules that should be followed. The first one is to avoid obscurity of expression, the second is to avoid ambiguity, the next is to be brief or avoid
unnecessary prolixity, and the last is to be orderly. The example of this maxim can be seen below:
6 A: What movie do you want to watch? Horror or comedy? B: I want to watch comedy.
7 A: What movie do you want to watch? Horror or comedy? B: Actually, the drama is good movie but I don’t understand the plot.
In the first conversation, A and B evoke their ideas clearly. All utterances are understood very well. This is evidence that the maxim of manner is obeyed.
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However, in the second conversation, B seems to violate the maxim of manner since she does not express hisher ideas briefly.
The maxims of co-operative principle that are stated by Grice above are not a scientific law but a norm to maintain the conversational goal. Levinson
states that those maxims specify what participants have to do in order to converse in a maximally efficient, rational, co-operative way, it means they should speak
sincerely, relevantly and clearly while providing sufficient information.
e. Non-observance of the Maxims
Thomas 1995: 64 states that Grice was well aware, that there are so many occasions when people fail to observe the maxims. There are two ways in
which people fail to observe the maxims. They are violation of the maxim and flouting the maxim. Violation, according to Grice 1975, takes place when
speakers intentionally refrain to apply certain maxims in their conversation to cause misunderstanding on their participants’ part or to achieve some other
purposes. A multiple violation can occur when the speaker violates more than one maxim simultaneously. The example of multiple violations can be seen in the
example below. 8 A: Did you enjoy the party last night?
B: There was plenty or oriental food on the table lots of the flowers all over the place, people hanging around chatting with each other.
In the conversation above, A asks a very simple question. However, what A receives from B is a protracted description of what was going on in the party.
Two interpretations can be made from B’s description. The first one is B had a PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
