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research and information collecting helped the researcher to find out the learners’ needs in developing the designed materials. The questionnaire can be seen in
Appendix B.
3. Questionnaire for Preliminary Field Testing and Main Field Testing
After developing the designed materials, the researcher conducted preliminary field testing by distributing questionnaires. The questionnaires
consisted of closed form and open form. In closed form questionnaire the data were analyzed through central tendency. According to Brown and Rodgers 2002
“central tendency is the trend of a set of numbers that clusters around a particular value and a convenient way of summarizing data of nominal categories such as
the Likert scale ”. In the closed form questionnaire, the researcher used five degree
of agreements proposed by Likert, namely, Likert Scale. The purpose of Likert Scale was to measure the statements. The five points of agreements can be seen
on the following page.
Table 3.3 Points of Agreement Points of Agreement
Meaning
5 Strongly agree SA
4 Agree A
3 Neutral N
2 Disagree DS
1 Strongly disagree SDS
Those points of agreement were used to measure how far the participants agreed with the statements. The higher point the respondents chose, the higher
their level to agree with the statement. In this study, the central tendency was
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measured by mean. Mean is the sum of all the values in a distribution divided by the number of values Brown Rodgers, 2002. It is to find out a single statistic
that characterizes the entire set of numbers. The mean formula can be seen below.
X = ∑ X
N Note:
X = mean
∑ = sum of
X = score
N = number of participants
After the central tendency of each statement was found, the data were presented in the format displayed in the following page in Table 3.4 on the
following page.
Table 3.4 The Results of Summative and Formative Evaluation Questionnaire Blank
No Participants’
Opinions Degree Of
Agreement N
Central Tendency
5 4
3 2
1 Mean
In order to analyze the open form questionnaire which consisted of essay questions, the researcher summarized the answer of the essay questions. The
summary of the essay questions was written in some points. Then, the results of
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the preliminary field testing questionnaire were used as the feedback to revise the designed materials as the final version of the designed materials.
After applying the final version of the designed materials to the learners, the researcher conducted main field testing by distributing questionnaires. The
questionnaires consisted of closed form and open form. The data analysis technique was like of the data analysis in preliminary field testing. In closed form
questionnaire the data was analyzed through central tendency. In the open form questionnaire, the researcher used Likert’s five degree of agreements which can
be seen in Table 3.3. Then, the central tendency was measured by mean. After the central tendency of each statement was found, the data were presented in the
format displayed in Table 3.4. In order to analyze the open form questionnaire in main filed testing which
consisted of essay questions, the researcher summarized the answer of the essay questions. The summary of the essay questions was written in some points. Then,
the results of the main field testing questionnaire were used as the feedback to find out the effectiveness of the designed materials
in achieving learners’ needs.
F. Research Procedure
