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Due to the guides’ every day jobs to explain and describe the trip to the guests. The designed materials focus on the speaking skills. Then, the speaking
materials are designed based on the tour guides’ needs as the learners. There is a
language training program which based on the learner needs, namely, English for specific purposes ESP. The ESP program facilitates the tour guides
’ needs in learning English speaking skills to support their jobs as the tour guides of Kalisuci
Gunungkidul. In order to have a similar simulation in the learning activities, the designed materials employ task-based learning TBL approach. TBL approach is
an approach which uses the authentic materials in the learning activities. Therefore, the materials in the learning activities are similar to the activities for
guiding guests in caving and cave tubing activities. The speaking materials are designed based on the
learners’ needs. Thus, TBL approach is the suitable learning approach to be applied in the learning activities for the tour guides of
Kalisuci Gunungkidul.
B. Research Problem
Based on the research background that the learner need specific speaking materials related to their jobs, this study addresses two research problems which
are formulated as follows: 1. How are task-based English speaking materials for the tour guides of
Kalisuci Gunungkidul designed? 2.
What does the design of task-based English speaking materials for the tour guides of Kalisuci Gunungkidul look like?
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C. Problem Limitation
There are some limitations of the study that the researcher needs to mention. Firstly, this research is focused on designing and presenting English
speaking materials for the tour guides of Kalisuci Gunungkidul based on task- based approach. Secondly, the English speaking materials are created in four
units. Thirdly, the designed materials are taught to the tour guides of Kalisuci Gunungkidul in four meetings.
D. Research Objectives
The objectives of this research are: 1. To design task-based English speaking materials for the tour guides of
Kalisuci Gunungkidul. 2. To present task-based English speaking materials for the tour guides of
Kalisuci Gunungkidul.
E. Research Benefits
This research is conducted particularly to enhance the speaking skills of the tour guides of Kalisuci Gunungkidul. There are other expected results for ESP
teachers and further studies. The benefits of this study are expalined in the following points.
1. For the tour guides of Kalisuci Gunungkidul The designed materials may be used to improve their English speaking
skills.
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2. For ESP teachers The designed materials can be used as a reference to teach English
speaking skills to cave tubing guides. 3. For further studies
The results of this research can be used as a reference for further researchers who are interested in developing related speaking materials.
F. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding, two important terms are explained in the following points.
1. Speaking and English Speaking Materials Based on
Joyce and Weil 1986, speaking is “the process in which people address each other from their communication process” p. 242. According to
Widdowson 1979 “speaking is a reciprocal exchange in which the speaker produces the message and the hearer receives as well as response” p. 38. Thus,
in this study, speaking is a process of exchanging information from a speaker to interlocutor and they both have the same understanding of the topic they discuss
and they are able to have extending conversation in similar topics they discuss. According to Richards and Rodgers 2003, materials or instructional
materials generally serve as the basis of the language input learners receive the language practice that occurs in the classroom. The materials are designed to
provide the learners with some instructions to be practiced in the classroom as their input.
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Thus, in this study, English speaking materials are the speaking materials consisting of a series of tasks which are designed by the researcher to improve the
learners speaking skills so that they are able to exchange information to answer and or comment on foreign
guests’ statements and questions. 2. Task-based Learning
According to Richards and Rodgers 2003 task-based learning TBL refers to “an approach based on the use of task as the core unit of planning and
instruction in language teaching” p. 223. According to Willis 1979 there are three principles in task-based language learning as cited in Richards Rodgers,
2003, p. 223. Firstly, communication activity is the focus of learning. In this study, the focus of learning is how the learners improve their speaking skills.
Thus, practicing speaking make learners accustomed to speak in English as the objective. Secondly, communication activity is more on carrying out the meaning
when language is used. Thus, the language used should be meaningful, relevant, and comprehensible. Thirdly, task-based learning emphasizes meaningful
language that can support the learning process. Meaningful language means that both learners and interlocutors understand about the topic discussed and are not
confused about the language used. Therefore, the task-based approach in this study is the approach in the
process of teaching and learning of the tour guides in Kalisuci Gunungkidul which mostly uses communication activities to encounter speaking expressions to be
captured and used, so that the guides are able to speak in English to carry out the speaking tasks in dealing with their everyday jobs.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
