26 Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko had more single-word code-
switching cases than Nh. Dini‟s Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. The number of single-word code-switching cases in Jepun Negerinya Hiroko was 116 cases.
From the data, the researcher found that some words appeared frequently, not only once. Therefore, the researcher tried to rank the single-word code-switching cases
based on its frequency. In this case, the word lift had the biggest number of frequency which appeared 22 times. The word freezer was appeared five times.
The third place was the word cocktail which appeared four times, whereas VIP, buffet, scarf, times, amber, and stand were the words which were used three
times. The words pullover, cardigan, chic, champagne, rontgen, Newsweek, rose, pancake, steak, and jive were appeared two times. Then, the left words,
around 43 words, were used only once. Nh. Dini‟s Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang had 36 cases of single-
word code-switching. The most frequent word was AC which appeared four times. The second place was the words dollar, pizza, seafood, and ginger which
appeared two times. Then, the left 23 words, such as the words souvenir, fitness, sandwich, voucher, and snack were used only once.
2. Phrase Code-Switching
The second type of code-switching was phrase code-switching. In these code-switching cases, all of the English phrases which were found in the novels
were categorized as phrase-code-switching. The phrase could be a verb phrase, noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial place, or prepositional phrase. In this
27 case, the researcher would provide some examples of the cases which were taken
randomly from each novel. The number of cases of phrase code-switching was shown in table 4.2.
Table 4.2 Number of Cases of Phrase Code-Switching
No Novel
Number of Cases 1
Jepun Negerinya Hiroko 31
2 Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang
32
In the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel, there were 31 cases of phrase code-switching. These cases were less than the cases of phrase code-switching in
the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. The researcher found that in this type of code-switching there were some categories of phrase. Based on the data, the
researcher found out that in the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel, the most frequent
phrases were noun phrase. Twin set, standing reception, baby lotion, cream butter, and mashed potato were some examples of phrase code switching found in
the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel. Moreover, Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel had 32 cases of
phrase code-switching. That was utmost amount compared to the other novel, Jepun Negerinya Hiroko. This novel also contained some phrase categories which
emerged frequently. The most frequent phrase category was noun phrase. Video player, full time woman writer, family planning, real estate, student exchange,
and five minutes talk were some examples of noun phrases appeared in the
Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel.
