19 In analyzing the research questions which deal with the types and reasons
of code-switching found in Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca
Kembali ke Semarang, the researcher used content analysis. A content analysis was considered as the most appropriate method to be used in the research because
the research deals with the analysis of a phenomenon in written context, that is English code-
switching in Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. Content analysis helps the researcher to analyze and
interpret the data. According to Leedy and Ormord 2005: 142, a content analysis is “a detailed and systematic examination of the contents of a particular body of
material for the purpose of identifying patterns, themes, and biases. It is typically performed on forms of human communication, including books, newspapers,
films, television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions, and transcripts of conversation.” Their argument is supported by Ary, et al, “the procedure for
systematically analyzing written materials is called document analysis or content analysis
” Ary, et al, 2002: 385. Therefore, the researcher conducted the research to analyze the resources from Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok
Baca Kembali ke Semarang.
B. Research Subject
Since this research focuses on investigating code-switching phenomenon i
n written context, therefore the researcher chose Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang as the subject of this research.
Nh. Dini‟s novels were chosen because Nh. Dini was considered as one of the
20 famous and talented female Indonesian writers. Besides, Nh. Dini has proven her
talent in writing by receiving some awards, such as SEA Write Award and Achmad Bakrie Award. Although she
is getting older, Nh. Dini‟s passion in writing never receded. She keeps on writing whenever and wherever she can do it.
Her writing is various, such as short stories, novels, and also biografies. Writing seems to be Nh. Dini‟s way of life. From writing, she can live her life. From
writing also, she can tell the readers about the reality of life, her life experiences, and also her care
to the environment. Writing seems to be Nh. Dini‟s best friend in telling her unspoken stories and desires. Since most of Nh. Dini‟s writing is about
her life stories, therefore Nh. Dini‟s writing style can be considered as feminist style. In addition, Nh. Dini also provides many code-switching cases in her
writing which become a space for readers to learn English by enriching new vocabularies used in the novel. The researcher analyzed the novel first, and then
she obtained the proof of the existence of code-switching by examining words, phrases, and sentences which combined two languages English and Bahasa
Indonesia. Since the researcher wants to analyze the development of code-switching
phenomena in Nh. Dini‟s of Memory Series novels, so the researcher employed the two novels, Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang.
This consideration was based on the need of adequate data, where the chosen novels have provided the sufficient evidence of the occurrence of a code-
switching phenomenon to analyze. After analyzing the data, the researcher found
