The Development of the Reason for Using Code-Switching in Nh. Dini’s

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter is aimed to conclude the final results and some recommendations from the whole research. The final results were the answer of the research problem, namely 1 What are the types of code-switching found in Nh. Dini’s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang? 2 What are the reasons for using code- switching in Nh. Dini’s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang? The recommendations were intended for those who wish to conduct research on the same issue.

A. Conclusions

After examining the whole data, the researcher concluded two main points. The first is about the types of code-switching found in Nh. Dini’s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. The second is about the reasons for using code- switching in Nh. Dini’s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. Dealing with the types of code-switching, the researcher found that there were five types of code-switching found in Nh. Dini’s two editions of the Memory Series Novels, Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. They were single-word code-switching, phrase code-switching, clause code- switching, sentence code-switching and integrated loanwords code-switching. Meanwhile the type that was not found in Nh. Dini’s two editions of the Memory 43 Series Novels, Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang was diglossic code-switching. The most dominant type found in Nh. Dini’s two editions of the Memory Series Novel, Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang was single-word code-switching. There were 65.80 of single-word code- switching cases in Nh. Dini’s two novels. However, the least frequent cases occuring in Nh. Dini’s two novels was diglossic code-switching. There were no diglossic code-switching cases in those two novels. The result of the data analysis showed that there were two common reasons for using code-switching found in Nh. Dini’s two editions of the Memory Series Novels, Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. Those were to build good relation with the target readers and to express some words which either did not have Indonesian term or had Indonesian term but it was rarely used. However, there were only 3.89 of English code-switching cases in Nh. Dini’s two novels whose reason was to quote someone’s statements or expressions. From the two objectives of the research, the researcher found out the development of the use code-switching in Nh. Dini’s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. The result indicated that there was a type of code-switching which was developed during eleven years. The type of code- switching which was developed was phrase code-switching. Meanwhile, the other types of code-switching, such as single-word code-switching and sentence code- switching, still exists, but they have decreased. In contrast, the types of code- 44 switching like clause code-switching and integrated loanwords code-switching, disappeared anymore. On the other hand, the reasons for using code-switching in Nh. Dini’s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang all decreased. The reason to quote someone’s statements or expressions significantly decreased among the other reason.

B. Recommendations

After analyzing the data and discovering the findings, the researcher would like to give some recommendations to the readers of Nh. Dini’s novels, other researchers who are interested in code-switching phenomena, and the code- switching users. From the research findings, the researcher found that there are some ungrammatical input which may obstruct language learning process for the second language learners, especially the readers of Nh. Dini’s novels. Therefore the researcher suggests that second language learners should be careful when borrowing English words, phrases, sentence, or clause. The second language learners may check the correct form of English words or phrases before producing English sentences. Besides, second language teachers should encourage the students to be more aware of the features related to the target language, in this case, English. Other researchers may conduct a study on code-switching in another scope, for instance code-switching phenomenon in a spoken context, which is the research on communication among English Department students in their society.