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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the research results and discussion. This section is divided into two sections, namely the types of code switching found
in Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang and the reasons
for using code- switching in Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko and Pondok Baca
Kembali ke Semarang.
A. The Types of Code-Switching
The researcher sorted the types of code-switching in this research based on McCormick‟s theory 1994. After that, the researcher categorized code-
switching into six types. Those types were single-word code-switching, phrase code-switching, clause code-switching, sentence code-switching, integrated
loanwords, and diglossic code-switching.
1. Single-Word Code-Switching
The first type of code-switching was single-word code-switching. This type of code-switching had only a word to be substituted. The number of the
single-word of code-switching cases was shown in table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Number of Cases of Single-Word Code-Switching
No Novel
Number of Cases 1
Jepun Negerinya Hiroko 116
2 Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang
36
26 Nh. Dini‟s Jepun Negerinya Hiroko had more single-word code-
switching cases than Nh. Dini‟s Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang. The number of single-word code-switching cases in Jepun Negerinya Hiroko was 116 cases.
From the data, the researcher found that some words appeared frequently, not only once. Therefore, the researcher tried to rank the single-word code-switching cases
based on its frequency. In this case, the word lift had the biggest number of frequency which appeared 22 times. The word freezer was appeared five times.
The third place was the word cocktail which appeared four times, whereas VIP, buffet, scarf, times, amber, and stand were the words which were used three
times. The words pullover, cardigan, chic, champagne, rontgen, Newsweek, rose, pancake, steak, and jive were appeared two times. Then, the left words,
around 43 words, were used only once. Nh. Dini‟s Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang had 36 cases of single-
word code-switching. The most frequent word was AC which appeared four times. The second place was the words dollar, pizza, seafood, and ginger which
appeared two times. Then, the left 23 words, such as the words souvenir, fitness, sandwich, voucher, and snack were used only once.
2. Phrase Code-Switching
The second type of code-switching was phrase code-switching. In these code-switching cases, all of the English phrases which were found in the novels
were categorized as phrase-code-switching. The phrase could be a verb phrase, noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial place, or prepositional phrase. In this
Kategori