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1. Writing
In this section, the researcher provides the theories related to writing. There are three aspects of writing which are going to be discussed in the following
parts. There are the nature, benefits, and problems of writing.
a. The Nature of Writing
In this part, the researcher would discuss the nature of writing. First of all, writing is an activity which produces a set of words. Since writing is one of four
English skills, writing becomes the important part which has to be mastered. However, there are some theories about writing. By focusing on language
structure, writing is seen as a product const ructed from the writer’s ability of
lexical and grammatical Hyland, 2003. It means that to have a good writing, a writer should have lexical and grammatical understanding. Besides, by focusing
on the creative expression, writing is considered as a way of sharing personal meanings and highlighted individual to construct a topic Hyland, 2003. On the
other hand, writing is the expression of meaning by developing the power to build or raise a topic. In addition, writing is a focused and communicative activity that
responds to other people by replying other texts Hyland, 2003. “Writing lets us
communicate w ith others who are removed by distance or time” MacArthur C.A,
Graham, S, Fitzgerald, 2006. According to Sokolik in Nunan 2003, writing can be defined by a series of contrasts:
1 Writing is both a physical and a mental activity
Sokolik as cited in Nunan states “At the basic level, writing is the
physical act of performing words or ideas to standard whether it is symbols inked
13 onto parchment or an e-mail message which is typed into a computer
” 2003. It means that writing is a physical activity in presenting words or ideas either written
by hand on a paper directly or typed by hands through computer. Besides, writing is the mental work of developing ideas, thinking about how to express them, and
organizing them into statements and paragraph. In this case, writing is the intellectual or emotional activity to develop and organize the sentences to be
expressed in a well-formed paragraph. 2
Writing is both a process and a product Writing is a process which meant by an activity of imagining, organizing,
drafting, editing, reading, and reviewing. This process of writing is often repeated, and sometimes disorderly. Repeated means frequently done in several times. As a
result, what the readers see is a product. The products can be seen as an essay, letter, story, or research report.
b. The Benefits of Writing
There is a famous quote that sounds “The pen is mightier than a sword”. It
means that writing has great power than it seems. In other words, writing is beneficial for people especially when they are trying to communicate some
information and knowledge. Besides, writing is very useful because people can express their thought through writing. In these following paragraphs, the
researcher provided the benefits of writing according to some experts. According to Hyland 2003, the first benefit of writing is providing
opportunities for students to create a text product. Writing gives chance to the students to express their ideas, construct well-formed sentences and finally get the
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