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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher describes the methodology of the research. Therefore, this chapter is divided into six parts, namely, research method, research
setting, research participants, instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique and research procedure.
A. Research Method
The researcher used surveys to get sufficient data. According to Johnson Christensen, survey research is non-experimental research method based on
questionnaire and interviews 2012. According to Ary, “Surveys permit the
researcher to summarize the characteristics of different groups or to measure their attitudes and opinions toward some issue
” 2010, p. 28
.
It means that the purpose of this survey is to collect the data from people’s opinion about specific issue. The
researcher chose personal interview as part of the survey research in order to get the valid result of the questionnaire.
The researcher collected the data by asking question in the form of questionnaire and interview to a group of people which as the sample. Gall and
Borg mention that questionnaires and interviews can be used to collect the data about phenomena 2007. The questionnaire was used to answer the first research
problem and second research problem, while the interview was used to support
30 the questionnaire result and answer the second research problem. The data which
were gathered are numeric and textual data. The numerical data was converted into descriptive text. Numeric data was gathered from closed-ended question
while textual data was gathered from open-ended questions.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in the even semester, the academic year 2013- 2014 especially in Paragraph Writing class D. The research took place at the
English Language Education Study Program Sanata Dharma University. The research dealt with survey research in classroom and library. This research was
conducted in semester 2 because Paragraph Writing course was held in this semester.
C. Research Participants
In this research, the researcher took a sample of the population which consisted of 2
nd
semester students from Class D of English Language Education Study Program in the academic year of 20142015 who took Paragraph Writing
class. The participants of the research were 28 students out of 30 students consisted of 21 females and 7
males’ students. Gall and Borg stated “simple random sampling can be defined as a sample from a population that is selected by
a process that provides every sample of a given size and equal probability of being selected” 2007.
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D. Instruments and data gathering technique
This section deals with research instruments and technique in gathering the data which were used in this study. The instruments were used in this research,
namely questionnaire and interview to enable the researcher to get the data. The questionnaire was used to get the data from appropriate and eligible respondents.
Later, the interview was used to confirm and recheck respondents’ answer in
questionnaire.
1. Instruments
There are two instruments used in this research. Those instruments are questionnaire and interview.
a. Questionnaire
According to Wallace 1998, p. 124, questionnaires are usually set in a very systematic way and often answered by reading the questions, ticking
responses, and writing short answers. The questionnaire consisted of close-ended questions and open-ended questions which were set to answer the research
questions. There were twenty eight questionnaires which were distributed to twenty eight students at the end of the semester.
b. Interview
According to Wallace 1998, p. 124, the term interview can cover quite wide range of interaction something like a spoken questionnaire and conversation
between professionals and others. In this study, the researcher provided four questions for the interview. The interview was used to confirm and recheck
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