a. Mother-Tongue Interference
Although young children appear to be able to learn a foreign language quite easily and to produce a new sound very
effectively, older and learners experience considerable difficulty. These all problem are not out of the interference of
the mother-tongue. Like stated by Wilkins on Linguistics in Learning Teaching has made some related observation to this
problem. He said that “When learning a foreign language an individual already knows his mother-tongue, and it is this
which he attempts to transfer. The transfer may prove to be justified because the structure of the two languages is similar-in
that cases get ‘positive-transfer’ or ‘facilitation’-or it may prove unjustified because the structure of the two languages are
different-in that case we get ‘negative –transfer’ or ‘interference’.
11
From the explanation above, the writer concludes that the errors made Indonesians who learn English as foreign
language are normal problems, since they are going to struggle to control their mother-tongue interference.
b. Overgeneralization
Overgeneralization is a process that occurs as the second language learner acts within the target language,
11
Available at www. Melta .org.myET1996main4.html, accessed on September 12, 2008
generalizing a particular rule or item in the second language- irrespective of native language-beyond legitimate bounds.
12
Richard also stated on A Non-Contrastive Approach to Error Analysis and explains that overgeneralization covers instance
where the learner creates a deviant structure on the basis of his experiences in the target language.
13
From this, the writer has a great consideration that overgeneralization is a natural problem that usually happens in
anyone learning foreign language. Because some patterns and structures that may be there in foreign language but there are
not in any other languages.
c. Errors encouraged by teaching material or method
Kategori