meaning clear in spoken language but only punctuation can make the meaning clear.
9. Tense
Tense is a form taken by a verb to indicate the time at which the action or state is viewed as occurring.
47
Some students were confused in using tenses in their writing. For example,
“where did you go last night” this mistake is caused by their lack of grammar understanding. It is also caused by intra-lingual
transfer overgeneralization. Transfer and overgeneralization are not distinct processes. Both result from the fact that the learner uses
what he already known about language, in order to make sense of new experience. In the case of overgeneralization, it is his previous
knowledge of the second language that the learner uses. In the case of transfer, the learner uses his previous mother tongue experience
as a mean of organizing the second language.
48
10. Word order
This kind of error is sometimes the result from immediate communication strategy when the learner tried to express a
meaning, which their competence contained no appropriate items or rules at all. Overgeneralization and transfer may also become the
result of immediate communication strategy. Indonesian word
47
Sylvia Chacker, Edmund Weiner, op.cit,.p.395
48
William T. Little wood, Foreign and second Language Learning, Language Acquisition Research and its Simplication for the Classroom Cambridge University press, 1996, p.25
order is different from English word order. For example, “smart you are” it should be “you are smart” etc.
11. Word form
Word form is any variant of lexeme. Used as away of avoiding ambiguity of word, e.g. see, sees, seeing, etc.
49
Overgeneralization and transfer can be the cause of error in word form. Indonesian word form is different from English word form.
They often over-generalize the form of words. For example, “I were cooking fried rice” it should be “I was cooking fried rice”.
49
Sylvia Chaker, op. cit,. p.427
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
To know the result of the test, the writer made the table of the student’s error that is taken from the Data analysis. The able below is the
recapitulation of student’s error classified based on the types of error, which are made by the students.
Table 2: The recapitulation of students’ errors X
E1 E2 E3
E4 E5 E6
E7 E8
E9 E10
E11 Total
Errors X1
8 3
5 2
1 2
6 1
1 30
X2 2
2 2
2 2
3 1
1 15
X3 7
8 5
2 1
8 31
X4 1
3 1
4 X5
9 5
3 1
5 1
2 2
8 1
37 X6
2 4
2 2
3 3
5 1
22 X7
2 3
5 1
4 3
3 2
5 3
31 X8
3 2
1 4
2 3
5 4
4 1
29
X9 7
4 5
1 2
4 2
1 3
1 29
X10 5
4 2
1 1
3 2
3 1
1 23
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