Bilingualism exists in three types of countries: “Monolingual”, “bilingual”, and
“multilingual.” It is important to note that is progression in no way reflects the degree of bilingualism that really exists in these countries as we will see, many so closed
monolingual countries have a high percentage of speakers to use two or more languages on a regular basis, whereas many multilingual countries have rather few bilinguals.
In this study the term of bilinguals as the alternate use of two languages may cause the occurrence of code switching of the bilinguals from one code to other in the
daily interaction between announcers and the audience. The bilinguals are productive in using both languages, Indonesian and English, particularly in spoken form appropriated to
this study in a certain occupation in the radio broadcasting.
2.3.Theoretical Framework
In this research theoretical framework is very important since all the theory in this chapter used to analyze the data. The main theory that is used in this study is theory
proposed by Poplack 1980 about the types of code switching, and supported theory proposed by Hoffman 1991 and Savile-Troike 1986 about the reasons for code
switching.
2.3.1. Bilingualism
A brief description about bilingualism is given in the following quotation: Bilingualism can happen if there is fairly large and complex speech community,
therefore the people in that community become aware of acquiring several languages Platt, 1975:88:
As a human, we are social beings who are always committed to a certain group of people called community. A particular community has its own characteristics, including
the way of communication. This community called speech community. Since the members of the same speech community should share linguistics norms or share
understanding and values of attitudes toward language varieties present in their community, it is not strange that large and complex speech community and can emerge
bilingualism. The more people do an interaction with different speech community, the more people master more than one language. Even it can be multilingualism within the
advancement of knowledge and technology in which people discover a lot of media tools. It can be concluded that bilingualism is person who has some functional ability in
the second language or “the native-like” control of two languages. It is because bilinguals can produce completely meaningful utterances in the other language.
In addition, Gumperz 1971: 222 also mentioned that bilingual people usually use their own idioms for in group communication and the common language for their
interaction and communication with outsiders. In this case, the bilinguals have a repertoire of domain-related rules of language choices Spolsky, 1998:46. It means that
bilinguals are able to choose which language they are going to use. In other words, since the members of a bilingual community vary in the capacity
of mastering the languages used in the community, they have to be able to set a condition where they can to communicate effectively. This condition leads them to do code mixing
and code switching.
