According to Poplack 1980, this kind of switching which involves a switch at a clause or sentence boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or another
it may also occur between speaker turns. Inter-sentential switching can be thought of as requiring greater fluency in both languages than tag switching since major poison of
utterance must confirm to the rules of both languages. For example:
Spanish English code switching -
Sometimes, I‟ll start the sentence in English, Y termino in espanol. Sometimes, I‟ll start the sentence in English, and finish it in Spanish
2.3.2.3. Intra-sentential switching
According to Poplack 1980, intra-sentential switching evolves, arguably, the greatest syntactic risk, and may be avoided by all but the most fluent bilinguals.
Switching of different types occurs within the clause or sentence boundary. This type of intimate switching is often called code mixing. This type of code switching requires the
most fluency of all types of code switching because it requires speakers to switch to the rules of syntax of the other language mid-thought or sentence, and consequently may be
avoided by all but the most fluent of bilingual speakers Lipski, 1985. An example was taken from TokpisinEnglish by Romaine 1989:123:
- What‟s so funny? Come be good. Otherwise, yu hai go long kot.
What‟s so funny? Come be good. Otherwise, you‟ll go to court -
I started acting real curiosa, you know.
-
I started acting real strange, you know. Appel and Muysken, 1987:118
It may also include mixing within word boundaries. For example: English word with Punjabi inflectional morphology, e.g. shoopa shop.
2.3.3. The reason for code switching
According to Hoffman 1991: 116, there are several reasons for bilinguals to switch or mix their language. As follows:
1. Talking about a particular topic
People sometimes prefer to talk about a particular topic in one language rather than another. Sometimes a speaker feeds free and more comfortable
to express their emotional feelings in a language that is not their everyday language.
2. Quoting somebody else
People sometimes like to quote a famous expression or saying of some well-known figures. In Indonesian, those well-known figures are mostly
from some English-speaking countries. Then because of many of the Indonesian people nowadays are good at English, those famous expression
or sayings can be quoted intact in their original language. 3.
Being emphatic about something Usually, when someone who is talking using a language that is not native
tongue suddenly wants to be emphatic about something, heshe, either intentionally or unintentionally, will switch from his second language to
his first language. Or, on the other hand, there are some cases where people feel more convenient to be emphatic in their second language rather
than in their first language. 4.
Interjection inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors
