were from a Latin American background representing five nations: Colombia, Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, and Argentina. The participants were advanced speakers of English
enrolled in different graduate school programs at American universities. This study is unique in the sense that the code alternation phenomena across cultures in communication
technlogy is well developed. Those all studies have a similarity with this study. This study also focused on code
switching. The difference from this journal is the term of data source, scope of discussion and the theory to analyze the reasons of code switching. This study used data source from
Menara fm Radio Station program.
2.1 Concepts
Code switching has often been characterized by seemingly random changes from one language to another. It has had many names and definitions, from “Spanglish” or
“Tex-Mex” to code switching, code mixing, or code changing for the purpose of this paper, the term code refers to different languages, or different varieties or dialects of the
same languages. It can occur between the speakers involved in a conversation or within a speech turn of a single speaker. Code switching can appear on several language levels
including syntactic, phonological and morphological levels. In this part there are some concepts to support the analysis of this study. There are the concept of code, concept of
code switching, concept of code mixing, and concept of bilingualism.
2.2.1 Concept of Code
According to Wardaugh 1986: 99 the neutral term „code‟ can be used refer to any kind of system that two or more people employ for communication furthermore, he
added that the particular dialect or language one chooses to use on any occasion is a „code‟, a system used for communication between two or more parties.
Wardaugh 1986: 86 also states the term code refers to language or variety of language. This is quite similar with Suzanne Romainee‟s concept of code. According to
her, the code refers not only to different language, but also to varieties of the same language as styles within a language Romainee, 1995:121.
In interaction process with others, many people use a number of codes. People always faced with code choice when they speak, and then to choose and use of code
rather than another, or use two or more codes in the same time. As Wardaugh states 1986: 86 states that when you open your mouth, you must choose a particular language,
dialect, style, register, or variety – that is, particular code.
2.2.2. Concept of Code Switching
Code switching is often in bilingual community as an alternative way in using more than one language. Code switching is the most important thing in the bilingual
community because code switching is a part of bilingual itself some bilinguists have definition in the term of „code switching‟. Such as, Di Pietro 1982 defines code
switching as the use of more than one language by communicants in a speech act. Valdes Fallis 1982 also mentioned it as the alternation of two languages. Meanwhile Scotton
and Ury 1982 proposed code switching as the use of two or more linguistic varieties in the same conversation or interaction.
Grosjean 1982:127 also emphasizes that we cannot avoid the phenomenon of code switching in a society, since bilingualism occurs in every occasion and at any time.
Code switching itself is produced when communicating with others; we are constantly changing the variety of the language we use. The example of bilingual below:
