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H. Related Research
A research about refusal has ever been done by Rosita Asparaningrum 2008 in her research entitled Refusals in the film entitled In her shoes. In analyzing
refusal strategy, she uses Rubin’s refusal classification.
Her research shows that there are eleven types of refusal strategies employed in the film entitled In her Shoes namely; 1. Be silent, hesitate, show lack of
enthusiasm 2. Offer an alternative 3. Postponement delaying answer 4. Put the blame on a third party or something over which you have no control 5. Avoidance
6. Divert and distract the addressee 7. General acceptance with excuse 8. Say what’s offered is inappropriate 9. Refusal without giving reason 10. Refusal with
giving reason and 11. Refusal with giving thanking. Although the previous research discusses about the strategies of refusal but
the theory applied is different with the current research. That is why the researcher is sure that the result of this research is going to be different from the previous study.
I. Synopsis of the Film
Title : Knowing
Starring : Nicolas Cage as Professor John Koestler
Rose Byrne as Diana Wayland Chandler Canterbury as Young Caleb Koestler
Ben Mendelsotin as Phil Beckman
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Nadia Townsend as Grace Writer
: Ryne Pearson Producer
: Alex Proyas Genre
: Crime and Mystery, Drama Year
: 2009 Knowing is a kind of drama, crime and mystery film. This film tells about the
man who finds secret message from the letter buried in time capsule since 50 years ago. He gets that letter accidentally when his son, Caleb, receives it in the 50
th
school celebration. That mysterious letter contains disorder numbers which tells about the
big disaster that will come. This condition disturbs Ted since he finds the fact about that and no one believes in him. That is why; he tries to reveal the secret by looking
for some information about Lucinda Embry. Until he finds Luci nda’s daughter,
Diana, for the first time Diana refuses to discuss about her mom, but eventually she joins with Ted to reveal the message behind the letter. In the end, although they can
not stop the disaster, they have done the best to save the earth. This story is ended by picking up the selected people, Caleb and Abby.
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter gives information about the methodology in conducting the research. It involves research type, data and source of data, sample and sampling
technique, technique of collecting data, data coding and technique of analyzing data.
A. Research Type
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. It can be called descriptive because it wants to describe a linguistic phenomenon. Miles and Huberman 1992: 1
state that the data in qualitative research concerned appear in form of words rather than in form of numbers.
Furthermore, this research is qualitative because the data produced are in form of words and sentences. Sutopo 2006: 55 states that in qualitative method, data
were collected in the form of words, sentences or pictures having meaning rather than merely numbers.
B. Data and Source of Data
Arikunto states that a source of data is an object from which all the data of research are obtained 1998: 114. While, the data themselves may appear in the form
of discourse, sentences, clauses, phrases or words Subroto, 1992: 35.
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