Problem Statements Research Objectives The objectives of this research are as follow: Research Benefits Problem Limitation Thesis Organization

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B. Problem Statements

Based on the phenomenon above, the research was conducted to answer the following questions: 1. What kinds of refusal expressions are expressed by the characters in the film entitled Knowing? 2. How is each type of refusal expression expressed by the characters in the film entitled Knowing? 3. Why is each type of refusal expression employed by the characters in the film entitled Knowing?

C. Research Objectives The objectives of this research are as follow:

1. To find out the kinds of refusal expressions used by the characters in the film entitled Knowing. 2. To know how each type of refusal expression is expressed by the characters in the film entitled Knowing. 3. To find out why each type of refusal expression is employed by the characters in the film entitled Knowing. commit to user 6

D. Research Benefits

1. English Department Students The result of this research can be used to enrich information to improve the ability of English Department Students in understanding about the refusal expressions. 2. Other Researchers The result of this research is expected to be used as reference for the further researchers who want to do a research in Socio-Pragmatics field.

E. Problem Limitation

In this research, the analysis is limited on utterances of refusals expressed by the characters on the film entitled Knowing. For avoiding deviation in this research, the researcher just focuses on the refusal expressions based on Beebe, Takahashi and Uliss- Weltz’s classification. commit to user 7

F. Thesis Organization

As a scientific writing, this research will be organized into five chapters, as follows: Chapter I consists of Introduction. In this chapter the research introduces background, problem statements, research objectives, research benefits, problem limitation and thesis organization. Chapter II consists of Literature Review. It discusses some theories which are used in solving the three problem statements. Chapter III consists of Research Methodology. It discusses the research type, data and source of data, sample and sampling technique, technique of collecting data, data coding, and technique of analyzing data. Chapter IV consists of Data Analysis. In this chapter, the researcher processes the data by classifying, describing and analyzing them. Chapter V consists of Conclusion and Suggestions. In this chapter, the researcher concludes the result of analysis and gives suggestions. commit to user 8

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW