Definition of Vocabulary The Vocabulary

It means that to use the productive vocabulary, students must know how to pronounce it well; they must be familiar with collocation and understand the communication meaning of the word. This type is often used in speaking and writing skills. b Passive Vocabulary Passive vocabulary refers to language items that can be recognized and understood in context of reading or listening, and it is also called as receptive vocabulary. The content words can be divided into three general classes 13 : 1. Words naming thing, ideas, entitles, that we might call them nouns. 2. Words naming action called verbs. 3. Words used to describe the qualities of those thing or action called adjectives and adverbs. According to S.H. Burton, there are two kinds of vocabulary used by the people for communications, namely: General and Special Vocabulary. The General Vocabulary is of the words used in general; there is no limit of fields or users, general in meaning and use. And the special vocabulary is used in certain field, job, profession or special science. For example: politicians, journalists, and lawyers. All these have specialized vocabulary arising from particular circumstances of their lives and work. 14 Besides, Fries classifies vocabulary into two, namely: 1. Function words: are a closed class, cannot add to the preposition or auxiliaries or modals or any structure words of language. Example: I have eaten two apples a sign of the tense of the verb The apple is pretty good 13 Charles C fries, Teaching and learning English as a foreign language, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press,1945, p.47. 14 S.H.Burton and J.A. Humpries, Mastering English Language, London: The Macmillan Press, 1992, p.100 2. Content Words on the other hand, can be added at any times as new scientific advances to make new words and communication about new inventions necessary. 15 Example: I have two apples a sign of meaning The apple is pretty From the kinds of vocabulary mentioned above, the writer concludes that there are many kinds of vocabulary such as: Active and Passive vocabulary, and Function words, content Words, Substitute Words and words of negative or affirmative distribution.

3. Vocabulary of Adjectives

In many languages the forms of modifiers are extremely difficult; they elaborate systems of endings connect modifiers with expressions they modify. In English many modifiers are phrases or clauses, marked by function words, and single –word modifiers have lost most of their endings. Before the writer discussed vocabulary adjectives; the writer advisable gives to know definition of adjective. According to Paul R oberts “Adjective is a word that modifiers a noun or pronoun.” 16 Marcella Frank says „the adjective is a modifier that has the grammatical property of comparison. It is often identified by special derivational endings or by special adverbial modifiers that precede it. It most usual position is before the noun it modifies, but it fills other positions as well. 17 15 Charles C.Fries, as quoted by Mary Finnochiaro and Micheal Bonomo., “ The Foreign Language learner : A Guide for Teacher”,New York: Regent Publishing Company, inc,1973p.86 16 Paul Roberts, Understanding Grammar, New York; Haper Row publishers,1954, p.91 17 Marcela Frank, Modern English, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,Inc,1972, p.109