Assumption of the writer on Cooperative Learning is that it is working together to achieve shared goals. When students works together in small groups of
learners in the classroom. The writer agrees of that cooperative learning is applied at learners because cooperative learning can help teacher build positive
relationship among students, give students the experiences they need for healthy social, physiological, cognitive development, promote students learning and
academic achievement increased students retention and also can help students develop skill in oral communication and promote students self- esteem.
2. The Purpose of Cooperative Learning
The purpose of cooperative learning is to enhance learning and achievement by encouraging peer-to-peer interaction and cooperation.
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Moreover, according to Roger T and David W.Johnson the purpose of cooperative learning groups is to make each member a stronger individual in his or her own
right. Students learn together so that they can subsequently perform better as individuals. To ensure that each member is strengthened, students are held
individual accountable to do hisher fair share of the work, teachers need to asses how much effort each member is contributing to the group’s work, provide
feedback to groups and individual students, help groups avoid redundant effort by members, and ensure that every member is responsible for the final outcome.
Common ways to structure individual accountability: a. Keeping the size of the small group. The smaller the size of the group,
the greater the individual accountability may be. b. Giving and individual test to each student.
c. Randomly examining students orally by calling on one student to present his or her group’s work to the teacher in the presence of the
group or to the entire class. d. Observing each group and recording the frequency with which each
member contributes to the group’s work.
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e. Assigning one student in each group the role of the checker. The checkers as other group members to explain the reasoning and
rationale underlying group answer. f. Having students teach what they learned to someone else. When all
students do this, it is called simultaneous explaining.
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3. The Elements of Cooperative Learning
