2. Speaking Skill
Speaking is included as productive skill; it is similar to writing skill. As Widdowson states that speaking is an active or productive skill which is used aural
medium related the use of gesture in conveying the meaning.
4
According to Tarigan, speaking skill is one of language competence in offering some information using
articulation of the words in conveying, expressing, and delivering the meaning based on speakers and listeners’ need.
5
Based on the writer ’s observation, some learners are still lack of confidence in
expressing their ideas using the target language. As Bahrain and Soltani state that many students who do not have enough ability in transferring their opinions orally or
they just in silence while the others perform interactively in the classroom activities. Therefore, it is important to enhance those students to participate in those interactive
activities.
6
Interactive activities are entrusted to give the students’ chance to do oral practice among their friends.
Based on the explanations above, it is apparently clear that speaking skill is a skill which is focused on using oral production. The students use their target language in
accomplishing their ideas, opinions and feelings orally. Then, in building students’ skill in speaking is quite difficult, therefore the teacher should train the students
accustomed to speak in their target language. The teacher should help the students in practicing the target language through oral practice which can be done in controlling,
guiding, and producing.
3. Elements of Speaking
The students really need to acquire the ability to express their ideas and opinions therefore speaking competency has to be mastered. Even English is just as foreign
4
See: H.G. Widdowson, Teaching Language as Communication, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 59.
5
See: Henry Guntur Tarigan, Berbicara Sebagai Suatu Keterampilan Berbahasa, Bandung: Angkasa, 2008, p. 16.
6
See: Taher Bahrani and Rahmatollah Soltani, How to Teach Speaking Skill?, Mahshahr: The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education IISTE, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, From:
http:www.iiste.orgJournals .
language in some countries yet the students at least can communicate in the classroom using English. They will be accustomed to speak in English while the
target language is applied in classroom activity. According to Harmer, there are two elements of speaking:
7
1. The first is language features, it consists of: a. Connected speech is the sounds production or utterances will be modified in parts
of such as assimilation, omission, addition, weakened through contraction and stress patterning.
b. Expressive devices relate to the use of pitch and stress of particular parts of utterances, vary volume and speed through showing physical or non-verbal in
order to share what they are feeling. c. Lexis and grammar means that the speaker will give spontaneous speech by using
a number of common lexical phrases, such as in agreeing, disagreeing, surprising, shock, or approval according to the context.
d. Negotiation language is the ability to get benefits from the negotiator language we use to seek clarification and to show the structure of what we are saying.
2. The second is mental or social processing, it consists of: a. Language processing: the ability of the speaker to process language in their own
heads and put it into coherent order so that it comes out in forms that are not only comprehensible, but also convey the meanings that are intended.
b. Interacting with others. This means that speaking also involves a good deal of listening, and understanding of how the other participants are feeling.
c. Information processing: the ability to process the information the moment we get it.
In conclusion, those of elements are included in speaking activity when people give their ideas and opinions for others. The main point of communication is for
7
See: Jeremy Harmer, The Practical of English Language Teaching. Fourth Edition, Cambridge: Longman, 2001, p. 269
—271.
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