CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoretical Review 1. Translation
Translation is the process of translating a text from one language to another language with existing methods with the goal of reader can
understand without having to understand the source language. Translation has many meanings, and the experts define translation with a variety of
languages and according to their understanding but still have the same contents.
a. Notions of Translation
Everyone has his own definition in interpreting translation, depending on the context he used. According to Catford 1965 translation is the
replacement of textual material in one language Source Language by equivalent textual material in another language Target Language. It means
that the text, which is translated into various languages, is the result of the translation process and it should have the same meaning as the original text.
The process of translation between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text the source text or ST
in the original verbal language the source language or SL into a written text the target text or TT in a different verbal language the target language or
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TL Munday, 2001: 5. The same with Catford, Munday also defines translation is translating the source text into written language by using the
target language text. Both definitions above imply that translation involves two languages: source language SL and target or receptor language TL.
Moreover, Mettham and Hudson in Bell 1991: 6 say that translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by representation
of a text in one language by representation of an equivalent text in a second language. It can be seen that they emphasize the word replacement and
representation as a reference that the results from the translation done by the translator should have the same meaning in the form of different language.
Larson 1984:3 defines translation as transferring the meaning of source language into receptor language. It is only the meaning that is being
transferred. The meaning should not change, only the form may change. He stated that there are some processes in order to get the meaning. One should
study the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and cultural context of the SL and analyze it to determine its meaning, and then reconstruct
this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. Therefore, a
translator should be bilingual person. This means that heshe must master the SL and TL in order to be able to transfer the SL to the TL appropriately.
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