Notions of Translation Theoretical Review 1. Translation

1 the extent translation a Full translation Full translation is a translation in which all of source language SL texts are replaced to the target language texts TL material. For example: SL: She will cook noodle. TL: Dia akan memasak mie. b Partial Translation In partial translation, translations that some parts of the source language SL texts are left . They are simply transferred in target texts TL. For example: SL: He like pizza TL: Dia suka pizza 2 Levels a Total translation Total translation is the replacement of source language grammar and lexis by equivalent target language grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of language phonologygraphology by non-equivalent target text language phonologygraphology. b Restricted translation It is the replacement of SL textual material with equivalent TL material at only one level; whether at the phonological level, graph logical level, or at the level of grammar and lexis. 3 Ranks a Rank-bound translation It is the selection of target language TL text is limited at only one same rank such as word – for – word equivalence, morpheme-for-morpheme equivalence. b Free translation Another name of free translation is unbounded translation. It means equivalence shunts up and down the rank scale but tends to be at the higher ranks. It is between larger units than the sentence. c Literal translation Literal translation lies between the two extremes, rank-bound translation, and free translation. It may start, s it were, from word-for-word translation, but make changes in conformity with target language TL grammar e.g. inserting additional words, changing structures at any rank, ect.

c. Process of Translations

The products of translating do not appear out of nowhere but there is a process behind it done by translator to produce a good and properly translation. According to Nida and Tabet in Munday 2001:40, state that there three stages in translations process. 1 Analysis, in which the surface i.e. the meaning as given in source language is, analyzed the grammatical relationship and the meaning of the word and combinations of the words. 2 Transfer, in which the analyzed material is transferred in the mind of translator from source language to receptor one. 3 Restructuring, in which the transferred material is restructured in order to make the final message fully acceptable in the receptor language. The translation can be illustrated in figure 1. Source language Receptor Analyzing Restructuring Transfer