Research Participants Subjects RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

27 settings Fraenkel, Wallen, Hyun, 2015. Therefore, the researcher prepares the observation sheet to record the students and the teachers‟ activity in the learning and teaching process. Moreover, the distinctive feature of the observation as a research process that offers an investigat or the opportunity to gather „live‟ data from naturally occurring social situations Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2011. In addition, when conducting the observations, the main goal is to gather the data which are accurate and naturalistic and, to the greatest extent possible, that reflect the reality of the situation as the participants see it Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle, 2006. The researcher observed the interaction between all research participants in the learning and teaching process. Gall, Gall, and Borg 2007 illustrate that the observation allows the researchers to formulate their own version of what is occurring and then check it with the participants. In this thesis, the researcher created the observation sheets see Appendix C based on the activity planned in the lesson plan. Next, the observers would take notes about what happened in the class during the learning and teaching process. In this research, the use of the observation was to emphasize the data from the other instruments. Furthermore, Gall, Gall, and Borg 2007 state that the observations provide an additional source of data for verifying the information obtained by the other methods.

3.4.2. Interview

The second instrument in this research is the interview. Lodico, Spaulding, and Voegtle 2006 illustrate that an interview is basically a purposive conversation with a person or a group of persons. In addition, interviews consist 28 of oral questions asked by the interviewer and oral responses by the research participants Gall, Gall, Borg, 2007. Moreover, interviews enable participants – be they interviewers or interviewees – to discuss their interpretations of the world in which they live, and to express how they regard situations from their own point of view Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2011. Therefore, in this research, the researcher interviewed the English teacher as a single participant. This interview aimed to assess the accuracy and consistency of the data from the other instruments. Furthermore, Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2015 state that in fact, administering questionnaires and interviewing the participants in a study could be a valid and productive way to assess the accuracy of observations.

3.4.3. Questionnaire

In this research, the researcher utilized the questionnaire as the main data sources. Johnson and Christensen 2012 illustrate that researchers use questionnaires to achieve information about the thoughts, the feelings, the attitudes, the beliefs, the values, the perceptions, the personality, and the behavioral intentions of the research participants. In this research, the use of the questionnaire aimed to gather the information about the students‟ perceptions related to the implementation of the use of picture to increase their engagement in writing recount. The questionnaire in this research employed the attitude scales. A commonly used attitude scale in educational research is the Likert scale. Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010 describe the definition of a Likert scale: