28 of oral questions asked by the interviewer and oral responses by the research
participants Gall, Gall, Borg, 2007. Moreover, interviews enable participants – be they interviewers or interviewees – to discuss their interpretations of the
world in which they live, and to express how they regard situations from their own point of view Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2011.
Therefore, in this research, the researcher interviewed the English teacher as a single participant. This interview aimed to assess the accuracy and
consistency of the data from the other instruments. Furthermore, Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2015 state that in fact, administering questionnaires and
interviewing the participants in a study could be a valid and productive way to assess the accuracy of observations.
3.4.3. Questionnaire
In this research, the researcher utilized the questionnaire as the main data sources. Johnson and Christensen 2012 illustrate that researchers use
questionnaires to achieve information about the thoughts, the feelings, the attitudes, the beliefs, the values, the perceptions, the personality, and the
behavioral intentions of the research participants. In this research, the use of the questionnaire aimed to gather the information about the students‟ perceptions
related to the implementation of the use of picture to increase their engagement in writing recount.
The questionnaire in this research employed the attitude scales. A commonly used attitude scale in educational research is the Likert scale. Ary,
Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010 describe the definition of a Likert scale:
29 A Likert scale assesses attitudes toward a topic by presenting a set of
statements about the topic and asking respondents to indicate for each whether they strongly agree, agree, are undecided disagree, or strongly
disagree. They various agree – disagree responses are assigned a numeric
value, and the total scale score is found by summing the numeric responses given to each item. This total score assesses the individual‟s attitude
toward the topic p. 209. The classic use of the Likert scale was to pose questions or items to
participants and have their respond using an agreement scale by selecting a number that best represented their response Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle,
2006. Additionally, Likert scale indicates the positive and negative attitude by using score 1
– 5, 1 means strongly disagree, 2 means disagree, 3 means undecided, 4 means agree, and 5 means strongly agree Fraenkel, Wallen, and
Hyun, 2015. However, in this observation, the score started from 1, 2, 3 and 4. The researcher reduced the “undecided” option to avoid the students‟
ambiguity. The researcher developed the questionnaire to find the students‟ perception
on three major topics of the research: the writing ability, the use of pictures and t
he students‟ engagement. Therefore, the researcher developed the questionnaire based on several theories of writing, the theories of pictures and the theories of
student s‟ engagement see Appendix J. The questionnaire consists of fifteen 15
items of questions. Question one 1 until question seven 7 are related to the writing ability. Next, question eight 8 until question ten 10 are related to the
use of pictures. At last, question eleven 11 until question fifteen 15 are related to the students‟ engagement.
