Interview Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
29 A Likert scale assesses attitudes toward a topic by presenting a set of
statements about the topic and asking respondents to indicate for each whether they strongly agree, agree, are undecided disagree, or strongly
disagree. They various agree – disagree responses are assigned a numeric
value, and the total scale score is found by summing the numeric responses given to each item. This total score assesses the individual‟s attitude
toward the topic p. 209. The classic use of the Likert scale was to pose questions or items to
participants and have their respond using an agreement scale by selecting a number that best represented their response Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle,
2006. Additionally, Likert scale indicates the positive and negative attitude by using score 1
– 5, 1 means strongly disagree, 2 means disagree, 3 means undecided, 4 means agree, and 5 means strongly agree Fraenkel, Wallen, and
Hyun, 2015. However, in this observation, the score started from 1, 2, 3 and 4. The researcher reduced the “undecided” option to avoid the students‟
ambiguity. The researcher developed the questionnaire to find the students‟ perception
on three major topics of the research: the writing ability, the use of pictures and t
he students‟ engagement. Therefore, the researcher developed the questionnaire based on several theories of writing, the theories of pictures and the theories of
student s‟ engagement see Appendix J. The questionnaire consists of fifteen 15
items of questions. Question one 1 until question seven 7 are related to the writing ability. Next, question eight 8 until question ten 10 are related to the
use of pictures. At last, question eleven 11 until question fifteen 15 are related to the students‟ engagement.
30