Sarcasm as Sophistication Purposes of Sarcastic Utterances

31 The situation above happens at Max‟s back yard when Caroline and Max are riding Caroline‟s horse named Chestnut. They are talking about Max‟s dream to have her own cupcake shop and Caroline believes that she is capable in manage the business. Thus, Caroline thinks that she and Max can open the new cupcake shop soon since it just needs 250 grand to rent the shop, to buy some equipment and the cupcake ingredients. Meanwhile, Max does not think the same way as Caroline because she does not have any money and it is impossible for saving from her minimum wage. Besides, Max never plans to make her dream comes true since the condition does not support her to do so. That is why Max uses her sarcastic utterance to reply Caroline‟s statement. From the utterance, “Yeah. Oh. 250 grand, thats all? Did freakin‟ Chestnut here kick you in the head while I was in Starbucks?” Max wants to express her disagreement with Caroline‟s statement which sounds fun to open a bakeshop. Contrast with Caroline, Max rarely has so much money in her life so the amount of 250 grand sounds so much and it is non-sense to have it. Caroline, who comes from a wealth family, feels that 250 grand is not a bug number for her as long as she can manage the business. Since it is non-sense for Max, she gives her sarcastic utterance with asks whether Caroline‟s head is kicked by her horse when she left because for Max, she looks like a person who is not right in mind. Max‟s choice to play with the diction of words in delivering her sarcastic utterance counts as sarcasm in a purpose of sophistication. Max as the speaker wants the hearer to know that she is capable in playing language in her utterance. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 32 Situation 20 Caroline : I cant believe you guys are still staring over there. Some mothers tend to breast-feed for a lot longer these days. Its called attachment parenting. Max : When the kid is that big, its called dating. Caroline intentionally gives her comment because Oleg, Han, Earl and Max are still starring at the new customer who is a mother and her son. What makes Oleg, Han, Earl and Max stare at them is that the boy is about 4 years old but her mother still breast-feeding him. It is clearly seen through the table where Oleg, Han, Earl and Max stand and they stare at how the boy stands beside her mom but a half of his body is inside her mother‟s shirt. They rarely seen that weird act so that is why they are just standing and watch from the table. Caroline with her well-educated background tries to give her friends an explanation about the fact that there are some mothers who tend to breast-feed their children longer than it supposed to be and it is called as attachment- parenting. Meanwhile, Max who does not know about that fact before, tends to ignore what Caroline says. Instead of saying the literal statement in order to ignore the new fact says by Caroline, Max uses her sarcastic utterance which rhyme well with Caroline‟s utterance. Max sarcastic ally gives her comment toward the son with “When the kid is that big, its called dating. ” and the „-ing‟ in the word „dating‟ rhymes well with Caroline‟s „attachment-parenting‟. Max‟s choice to choose the word which rhymes well with the word from Caroline indicates the use of sarcasm as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 33 sophistication. Max is not only delivers her sarcastic utterance but also shows her ability in playing language. Situation 26 Han : Max, what is that thing that you have behind your back? Max : What? No. Nothing. Han : Yes, right here. pull up the catalog from Max’s hands the catalog falling down Caroline : Is that the auction catalog that just fell between your legs? What is this thing doing here? Isnt it enough I have a 2-foot face hair? Max : Nice, Han. Shes upset again. Happy? Han : Sorry, I thought we were playing some kind of hiding game. Max : Oh, reach for me like that again and well be playing a different game called guess which part of Han I cut off. ” The context of the situation above is necessary to be involved since sarcasm has the relation with its context. It happens at the diner when Sophie brings the auction catalog of Caroline‟s family stuffs and furniture. Max understands that Caroline still feels sensitive to things which are related to her old life, that is why she asks the catalog from Sophie and hides it behind her back when Caroline suddenly comes and talks to Sophie. Han, who does not know what Max tries to do, innocently asks her about what is the thing behin d her back. Han‟s question makes Caroline who is in front of Max, curious and tries to look at Max‟s back and when Max tries to avoid Caroline, the catalog is snatched by Han which stand behind Max. When Caroline sees the catalog on the floor, she recognizes it easily and is angry because the magazine is the thing that she has been avoiding from for several days. When Han knows actually what the catalog is and why Max tries to hide it, he apologizes for his thinking that it is a hiding game. Max, feeling fails in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 34 keeping Caroline‟s emotion, is mad with Han since he is the one who ruins it all and she cannot accept his apology at that time. Therefore, Max tends to use her sarcastic utterance as the response for Han‟s apologizing. In order to show her emotion level, Max as the speaker use the sarcasm as a purpose of sophistication. Rather than saying the rude words with literal meaning, Max chooses to threaten Han by sayi ng “Oh, reach for me like that again and well be playing a different game called “guess which part of Han I cut off” ”. Since Han thinks that the previous situation is a kind of game, Max sarcastically gives a kind of warning about a kind of game which they will play if Han messes up again. The speaker‟s level of emotion is seen through Max words which will cut off Han‟s body if something like that happens again. Situation 27 Sophie : Now, can I have my catalog back? Caroline : You brought this in here? raising her tone I can‟t believe it Sophie. I cant believe you think its okay for you to just sit here and casually flip through this catalog that contains everything I love from my old life. I just think its really insensitive and stuff. I mean, what are you thinking? What is wrong with you, I mean, besides your obvious choice of bad fabric and color. Sophie :Oh, no. stand up You back up your truck, bearded lady. Im insensitive? Im the thief who stole all those peoples money? And you dont think this color is happening? Pick up a copy of Polish Vogue. The situation above happens as the continuance of the situation 26 mentioned previously. At first, Caroline just mad to see that her auction catalog is in the diner. Later, when Sophie asks for the catalog, Caroline cannot handle her emotion and just throws up words to Sophie. Caroline does not expect that Sophie has the heart to bring the catalog which contains her memories in the diner. 35 Caroline thinks that Sophie is one of a friend who will appreciate her by not insults her feeling with the auction catalog. Sophie, as the hearer, cannot take critique from Caroline‟s statement which says that she is insensitive and she has a bad choice in fabric and color. Thus, Sophie with her going mad says her sarcastic utterance to Caroline in order to give critique back. By saying, “You back up your truck, bearded lady.” Sophie sarcastically gives her critique to the two hairs which Caroline has in her face. Sophie‟s utterance as the speaker definitely insults Caroline as the hearer and the sarcasm given is intentionally uttered by Sophie. However, instead of mentioning the hair with literal language, Sophie tends to use the figurative language which shows her creativity in playing the language she uses. Therefore, Sophie‟s utterance counts as sarcasm in purpose of sophistication. Situation 35 Caroline : turns the light on Han : looking around I cannot believe my eyes Max : I felt the same way when I first saw you. The situation 35 happens before the situation 36 which has been analyze previously. There are Max, Caroline, Han and Oleg at the room behind the diner which is no longer been used. The room had to be dirty, dark, smelly, and full of rats which have been redecorated by Max and Caroline to be a clean, light, and chic cupcake shop as their new business. For the first move, Max and Caroline decides that night as the soft opening of their cupcake shop. Before that, they want to show it to their co-workers at the diner and see their first impression looking at the inside part of their new shop. 36 Caroline insists to turn the light off before they enter the room so that it will give more dramatic impact. Later, when Caroline enters the room and turns the light on, Han immediately looks around every corner of the room and express his excitement which can be seen through Han‟s utterance above. Caroline seems happy with Han‟s excitement which can be considered as compliment for Caroline and Max‟s hard work in decorate the room. Different from Caroline, Max prefers to reply Han‟s statement with her sarcastic utterance. By saying , “I felt the same way when I first saw you.” Max wants Han to know her feeling that she cannot believe her eyes too when she sees Han for the first time. The reason why she cannot believe her eyes are varies. However, since Max is well known with her comm ent on Han‟s physical appearance, she maybe cannot believe that her boss is a small Asian man and is not what boss she imagines. Max‟s sarcastic utterance here considered as sophistication since she means it as a humor not to offend someone‟s feeling. Situation 38 Han : Oh, man, that hippie patchouli smell is worse than the poop was. Caroline : Han, shh. closing windows These people are in mourning. Show some respect. Han : Me? Me show some respect? What will you two do next, sell cupcakes at the diabetes wing at the childrens hospital? Caroline : How dare you doubt my sincerity? I personally have shooed a homeless man away from peeing on that shrine twice. The situation above happens the day after Caroline and Max open the cupcake shop. In the soft opening at the cupcake shop, someone died in front of their shop after eating Max‟s cupcake and later Caroline finds out that the one 37 who died is a rock star. After the incidence, many people who are the fans of the rock star go to Ma x‟s cupcake shop to hear the real story and to bring flowers, candles, dolls or poems to be placed in front of the shop where their star died. Caroline and Max know that there will be more people come over their cupcakes shop because of the incidence. Thus, they take the advantage of it by selling cupcakes when the fans mourn and gather near their shop. Caroline and Max do not really know about the rock star that died yesterday but they really show their sympathy through their story and face emotion. When Caroline is talking to one of the fans, Han enters the shop and smells the weird smell inside which come from the fragrant oil that the fans bring. Knowing that Han‟s statement will insult her customers, Caroline immediately closes the shop‟s windows and asks him to show some the respect. Han knows that actually Caroline and Max do not really know the rock star died yesterday and their respect is not really sincere from the heart since business is their priority. Therefore, Han feels insult when Caroline asks him to show some respect. As the hearer, Han chooses to reply Caroline‟s request by sarcastically talks back about Caroline and Max‟s act which do not show respect either. By asking, “What will you two do next, sell cupcakes at the diabetes wing at the childrens hospital? ” Han intentionally gives his comment on the way they sell the cupcakes when people are mourning. Han delivers his sarcastic utterance by chooses the „diabetes wing at children‟s hospital‟ as the image for replacing the mourned fans in front of their shop which has the similar sadness. Therefore, the 38 utterance said by Han is considered as sarcasm as sophistication since Han plays words and the utterance shows the speaker‟s level of emotion. Situation 39 Han : I dont care what I may or may not have said on the 27th at 4:15 p.m. Your business is booming, and now I want rent. Caroline : No way, Han. That man couldve overdosed anywhere. But God made him overdose in front of our window as a gift. And, yes, we are accepting that gift because you only live once. YOLO. Han : This isnt yolo its hodo. He Only Died Once. Im surprised you arent selling hodo t-shirts. Caroline : How dare you again? Situation 39 above still related with the previous situation when Caroline and Han are arguing in the new cupcake shop. Han is not happy to see Caroline and Max‟s cupcakes shop are full of people and they sell lots of cupcakes which mean that they earn so much money from that. That fact makes Han insist Caroline and Max to pay the rent for the place that actually given by Han himself to them as their new place for opening a bakeshop. Caroline with her business background knows that to get a place for rent – free is a good opportunity since they can do more saving for income that they have rather than to pay for the rent. Besides, Han himself ever says to Caroline that he gives the back side of the diner for them since it is no longer used. Caroline also thinks that the incidence happened yesterday is special gift from God since that makes her cupcake shop become famous and they earn so much money. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 39 Han who cannot agree with Caroline‟s thought, attacks her by asking them not selling t-shirt like what they ever do previously. What makes the sarcastic utterance used as sophistication is Han‟s making the abbreviation which sounds similar with YOLO. He makes HODO in his sarcastic utterance, stands for „He Only Died Once‟ which means that the incidence only happens once so that Caroline cannot take it for granted that the cupcake shop will be as crowd as the moment they talk. As the speaker, Han wants Caroline as the hearer to see that he is able in playing language in his utterance which sounds sarcastic. The abbreviation said by Han is the indicator that sarcasm in this situation used as sophistication. Situation 48 clanking cookware Caroline : Max, stop it Im trying to sleep. Max : Well, sorry, but Im pissed and its 11:30 anyway. Whats going on? Caroline : They screwed us. sigh Max : I know. That is why Im making hate cupcakes for the Kardashians, see? showing the cupcakes Eat It, Bite Me, Get, A, Job. Oh, and one for the mom that says, I still love you. Just in case. Now come on, get up. Your son needs to go out and take an 8-foot crap. pointing out at Caroline’s horse Caroline : No, I‟m done. If everyones done with cupcakes, so am I. Im done pretending that everythings gonna work out. In our reality show, its not. Max : Look, get up, or I will close this bed with you in it, and your new reality show will be True Life: I Live in a Wall. Caroline : I‟m not getting up. Ever. This situation happens after Max and Caroline hear the news that the Kardashians is not going to make their reality show in Max ‟s cupcake shop. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 40 conversation occurred at the morning when Caroline still sleeps in her build – up bed and she is disturbed by the clanking noise comes from Max ‟s cookware. It is 11.30 a.m. and Caroline should have waken up and is okay to hear the noise. However, Caroline seems lack of sleep at night since she is still trying to sleep in the morning and that is because she still thinks about the Kardashians not coming at their cupcake shop. Feeling disappointed, Max bakes cupcakes with the hate expressions on it and she is planning to send them to the Kardashians family. Caroline is not a type of person who prefers to attacks the people but rather stays in bed and feels the disappointment for herself. Max does not want Caroline feels that way alone, that is why she insists to wake her up and take a walk with Chestnut but it does not persuade her. Finally, Max tends to use her sarcastic utterance which says that she will fold the bed with Caroline in it so that it will be the new reality show named True Life: I Live in a Wall which replaces the Kardashians’. With her sarcastic utterance, Max actually means it as a humor to wake up Caroline since it does not contain word which insults Caroline‟s feeling. Thus, the sarcastic utterance said by Max is considered as the use of sophistication. Situation 54 Max : And your hairs not bad either. Caroline : Yeah, now, after the emergency trip to that salon. When you got done with me, I looked like a baby bird on chemo. 41 Max in the previous situation, cannot persuade Caroline to wake up from her sarcastic utterance, then she finally folds the bed up to the wall with Caroline in it. Caroline feels scared with her position which almost hang in the wall finally asks Max to put her down and promises that she will wake up after that. Unexpectedly, Caroline‟s hair is stuck at the bed gears below and she cannot lift her head up. Max tries to free Caroline‟s hair from the gears but none of her helps is successful and Caroline still wants her hair long and does not want to cut the part of hair which get caught by the bed gears. When Max comes back home from sending the mean cupcakes to Kardashians in Manhattan, she founds Oleg and Earl inside her place. Both Oleg and Earl give up in helping Caroline because there is no more ways except to cut off the part of hair which stuck below her bed. Finally, Caroline asks Max to scissor her hair after Sophie goes there and says that Kim Kardashian tweets for Max‟s cupcake and that will make their business packed. She realizes that she has her business to run rather than stuck in her bed all day. The conversation in situation 54 happens in Max‟s cupcakes shop when they have a little chit chat in the middle of their job to serve the customers. Max gives compliment to Caroline‟s new short hair which still looks good on her. As the respond for the compliment, Caroline gives her sarcastic utterance by reminding Max how she looks before she goes to the salon which similar with baby bird on chemo. This sarcastic utterance said by Caroline is a humor since it does not hurt Max‟s feeling and Caroline‟s choice of words is rather funny than rude or harsh. She just wants Max to imagine how bad she looks before she goes PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 42 to the salon to get her hair done. Caroline here uses sarcastic utterance as the purpose of sophistication. Situation 64 Sophie : Im out of sugar, and can one of you read my morning pee stick? I cant read this little window thing and I lost my cheaters and Olegs not upstairs. Max : So you lost both your cheaters. For several days, Sophie is excited about her being pregnant since her period is really late and she feels so sure about that. Even though Max, Caroline and her husband, Oleg asks Sophie to not be so sure, she still believes that she will have her baby soon. In the situation above, Sophie as Caroline and Max‟s neighbor comes to Max‟s place and asks for help to read the stick which shows whether she is pregnant or not. At that morning, Sophie is asking for Caroline and Max‟s help to read the result from her stick since she cannot read without her glasses and she lost it, also Oleg is not with her. Caroline, who does not have anything to do, chooses to help Sophie with her stick. Different with Max who often teases people around her, chooses to give her comment for Sophie‟s statement. By saying “So you lost both your cheaters” means that the cheaters that Sophie lost that morning are her glasses and her husband, Oleg. As the speaker, Max intentionally says that as means of humo r to tease Sophie since she uses the word „cheaters‟ for „glasses‟ while it can be means as a person who cheats which can refers to his husband. The words played here by Max shows that sarcasm can be us as sophistication and 43 sarcasm can be used as a type of humor with nothing about the statement being serious or truthful.

3. Sarcasm as Evaluation

There are eight utterances that contain sarcasm utterance serving the purpose as evaluation. Some of the utterances are being chosen as the examples displayed as follow, Utterance 3: Oh Earl, if you were just three years younger. Utterance 6: Hey, sexy woman. You look so pretty today. You look so beautiful, I forgot how bad your personality is. Utterance 10: It’s not our fault that the idiot who makes the cupcake doesn’t know their worth. Utterance 17: You know what? Since you seem to know so much about everything, why dont you take your Wharton degree, and your ridiculous coat, and figure this all out yourself. Utterance 30: Yup, I used to hide my stash in my mothers bowling trophy, and youre telling me the man who invented a way to defraud most of New York isnt as clever as a stoned 12 year-old with a butter knife? Utterance 34: Bring down the enthusiasm, Rachael Ray. Utterance 40: Youre acting like you didnt steal them. Utterance 58: Han, oh, my God It took us five years but finally we have something in common. 44 The example below is how the utterance 3 is created in situation 3 which involves Max and Earl, the cashier. Situation 3 Max : Its your birthday. How old are you gonna be? Earl : 75 Max : Oh Earl, if you were just three years younger. The situation happens when Max enters the diner and gives Earl his favorite homemade cupcakes, red velvet. It happens as Max little gift in Earl‟s birthday. It is clearly undoubted that Earl‟s age known by Max since they are close as coworkers in the diner. The purpose of her asking the number of Earl‟s age is not that she really wants to know the exact number, but the sarcastic utterance said after that. By saying “Oh Earl, if you were just three years younger.” Max seems want to point out that Earl is no longer young anymore. Max intentionally speaks that if Earl in the age of three years younger, Max can do or give some of things which she cannot do or give in the now age of Earl. In other words, this remark actually discourages Earl as the hearer. The evaluation given by the sarcasm here, then, reduces the negative effects of the discouragement. Situation 6 Oleg : Hey, sexy woman. You look so pretty today. You look so beautiful, I forgot how bad your personality is. Max : Thanks, Oleg. The conversation in situation 6 above takes place in the diner‟s kitchen after Max take out a pie from the fridge. In the diner, Oleg is a chef well-known PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 45 with his flirting to woman especially on the physical appearance. Max, who has known him as the coworker, does not have any hard feeling or feeling disturbed with Oleg‟s attitude. Instead of getting angry, Max tends to stay calm when Oleg has his sarcastic utterance toward Max. Oleg, seeing Max passed by the kitchen, tries to greet Max who looks beautiful in that day. As the speaker, Oleg is not only giving compliment but also add the negative side from Max which makes the utterance sounds sarcastic. However, by adding „I forgot how bad your personality is.‟ does not reduce the positive comments for Max. In other words, the negative utterance added above highlight that the sarcastic utterance is used as an evaluation. It is clearly a compliment for the hearer and even there is negative part in it, it does not make the utterance becomes a mockery. However, it is somehow increase the positive point for the hearer since it shows how beautiful she is until the speaker does not remember the bad thing about her. The evaluation given by the sarcasm here is indeed the muting of the negative effects of the critique. Situation 10 Caroline : Theyve totally underestimated the price point on those red velvet cupcakes. In Manhattan the asking price is at least seven, so we could sell them for seven, and then pocket the difference. Max : Nothing about that sounds wrong to you? Caroline : It’s not our fault that the idiot who makes the cupcake doesn’t know their worth. Max : I‟m the idiot who makes the cupcakes. As her first day in Williamsburg diner, Caroline does not know that Max is the one who makes all the cupcakes there. She just thinks that the price of the 46 cupcakes supposed to be higher than the recent price written in front of the jar. Since Caroline used to live in Manhattan, she founds that the cupcakes‟ price in the diner is faraway too cheap. Max, who always lives in Williamsburg, thinks that her cupcakes have the standard price since she knows that hers is still a homemade cupcakes and she just a beginner in baking. That is why she starts to sell the cupcakes in the closest place first which is in the diner because she wants to see the customer‟s response toward her cupcakes. Besides, Max never lives in Manhattan so she does not know how things are really pricey there and people have the money to buy things even though it is expensive. Therefore, she thinks that it does not make sense to sell her cupcakes for 7 there. From this utterance, “it‟s not our fault that the idiot who makes the cupcake doesn‟t know their worth” Caroline actually gives her positive comment toward the one who makes the cupcakes since the cupcakes she makes is delicious and worth to be sold for 7. Meanwhile, the positive effect of Caroline‟s praise is muted by the word „idiot‟ there that raises the negative effects of the criticism. The way sarcasm mute those positive and negative effects becomes the point of using sarcasm as evaluation. Situation 17 Max : What, Im supposed to believe you about this? The person who lied on their resume, and lied about the cupcakes...youre a liar. Caroline : I‟m just trying to help. Max : You know what? Since you seem to know so much about everything, why dont you take your Wharton degree, and your ridiculous coat, and figure this all out yourself. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 47 The conversation in situation 17 above takes place in the diner when Max comes late to work and she sees that Caroline comes there before her. Actually, Max wants Caroline to know about something really upsetting which she hears from Manhattan about her and how she feels sorry for her. However, Caroline has something really upsetting too between her and Max‟s boyfriend for flirting on her before she goes to work. The conversation is getting tense since Caroline replies with “What did he say, that I came on to him?” when Max starts to talks about something which is really upsetting that day. The unexpected response from Caroline makes Max curious about what really happens to her in Max‟s place. Realizing the reference of the pronoun „him‟ there is her boyfriend, Max gets angry because she believes Caroline for not cheating with her boyfriend when she leaves for her part time job to baby sit in Manhattan. As Max‟s friend, Caroline gives her advice that Max deserves better than a guy like him even she knows that it is none of her business. However, Max who is disappointed after knows there is something about Caroline and her boyfriend cannot take Caroline‟s advice and rather has her steps back from Caroline. Her disappointment makes her sarcastically gives advice back to Caroline which says, “Since you seem to know so much about everything, why dont you take your Wharton degree, and your ridiculous coat, and figure this all o ut yourself”. From the utterance, Max actually points out some positive sides from Caroline which are her degree at Wharton University and also her fur and leather coat that she always wears. However, the positive effects of that facts mutes by PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI