Data Collection Method of the Study

19 how the words are meant; the speaker is joking, scolding, being friendly or rude to us. Anything that is said must be said in some way, and that way is style Tannen, 1984 : 2. The sarcastic utterances are recognized from the appearance of the sarcasm‟s definition itself and the characteristic which can be identified by echoic mention. As an example, the distinction between sarcasm and other forms of figurative language will be described in the following situations. Situation 1 1A Han : Max, three weeks in a row you have not yet accepted my request to be a Facebook friend. silent Max? I am talking to you. 1B Max : Okay, fine. Lets go there. Han, Im never gonna be your Facebook friend. 1C Caroline : That was like watching someone club a baby seal. Why wouldnt you just say yes to his friend request? Situation 2 2A Caroline : If Im not back when its our turn to speak, stall them. Fill time. Just go on and on talking about nothing. 2B Max : Got it. Pretend Im you. In situation A, Han who is the boss of Max and Caroline is asking Max to accept his friend request in Facebook. Max, who is busy counting her tips, pretends not to listen to him because she feels that it is quite disturbing by asking her over and over again about Facebook which she rarely opens. Caroline as the audience of Han and Max‟s conversation feels pity of Han who gets offended by Max‟s statement 1B. Therefore „his‟ in Caroline‟s utterance 1C refers to Han. However, the word „like‟ used in 1C showed that Caroline uses the figure of speech which shows the comparison between two things which so called as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 20 simile. As stated by Damon, a simile is an explicit figurative comparison: that is, it is a statement that one thing is like another. Thus it contains a comparative word such as, „like‟, „as‟, „similar‟ or „same‟. By saying “that was like watching someone club a baby seal”, Caroline compares Han with a baby seal since both of them have a mini size body. Besides, Caroline also implies that Max is a way too rude for such person like Han in the way of answering his question. Thus, utterance 1C is not a form of sarcasm. In situation B, the personal pronoun “you” in Max utterance 2B refers to Caroline since she is the one speaking with her. Max, however, does not use any metaphor or simile in her utterance 2B. Instead, what Max says is clearly straight yet it has the meaning beyond which makes the utterance sarcastic. By replying Caroline statement 2A with “Got it. Pretend I‟m you.”, Max is being sarcastic, which implies that Caroline used to talk about nothing. Also, Max says the sarcastic utterances to her best friend purposively. This makes the utterance in 2B sarcastic. Since sarcasm are said by purpose, in this chapter, there are six purposes of sarcasm based on Attardo‟s theory, namely group affiliation, sophistication, evaluation, politeness, persuasive aspect, and retractability. Each sarcastic utterance is identified by adapting the same method as above. The sarcastic utterances are uttered purposively by the speakers. The pragmatic features of the sarcastic utterances, then, are explored to identify the purposes. There are seventy sarcastic utterances appearing in the script of Two Broke Girls TV Series in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI