Vowels Description of Luang phonemes .1

[rom ә] roma ‘house’ [ton ә] tona ‘soak’ lr [ler ә] lera ‘sun’ [rer ә] rera ‘postpole’ [ral ә] rala ‘they give’ [rar ә] rara ‘blood’ yglmh [yer ә] yera ‘sister-in-law’ [ger ә] gera ‘water’ [ler ә] lera ‘sun’ [mer ә] mera ‘but’ [her ә] hera ‘port’

2.1.4 Vowels

2.1.4.1 Description i [i] is a high close front unrounded vocoid. It occurs word medially and finally. It occurs in stressed, and post-stressed syllables. It can also occur in pre-stressed syllables when there are more than two syllables. [ ʔinә] ʔina ‘mother’ [ ʔidә] ʔida ‘one’ [wolim ә] wo-lima ‘five’ [pipi] pipi ‘goat’ [woki] woki ‘cold’ [garni] gar-ni ‘his younger sibling’ [ihini] ihi-ni ‘its-insides’ e [e] is a mid close front unrounded vocoid. It generally occurs word finally although it can sometimes occur word medially in a CV syllable pattern depending on the speaker. It occurs in both stressed and post-stressed syllables. [wotelu] wo-telu ‘three’ [re] re ‘those’ [m ԑre] mere ‘but’ [hade] hade ‘that’ [hare] hare ‘they’ [ ԑ] is a mid open front unrounded vocoid. It occurs word medially in closed syllables. It occurs in stressed and pre-stressed syllables. [ ʔԑmkade] ʔemkade ‘like that’ [ ʔԑnu] ʔenu ‘sea turtle’ [t ԑrnu] ternu ‘egg’ [m ԑhə̆rә] mehra ‘sick’ The rule for e is: e - → [ ԑ] ʔ__, ___C [e] Elsewhere a [a] is a low open central unrounded vocoid. It occurs word medially. It occurs in stressed syllables. It also occurs in pre-stressed syllables when the word has more than two syllables. [ ʔahu] ʔahu ‘dog’ [ ʔaßu] ʔawu ‘dust’ [watu] watu ‘rock’ [man ә] mana ‘also’ [aßrieh ә] awrieha ‘uncooked rice’ [ ә] is a mid open central unrounded vocoid. It occurs word finally. It occurs in stressed and post- stressed syllables. [pipar ә] pipara ‘cook’ [ger ә] gera ‘water’ [p ә] pa ‘to’ The rule for a is: a - → [ә] ___ [a] ___ o [o] is a mid close back rounded vocoid. It occurs word medially. 15 It occurs in stressed syllables and in pre-stressed syllables if there are more than two syllables in the word. [ ʔorә] ʔora ‘k.o. bamboo’ [ ʔokeʔә] ʔokeʔa ‘a little’ [woll ә] wolla ‘moon’ [woki] woki ‘cold’ [kohu] kohu ‘tie’ u [u] is a high close back rounded vocoid. It occurs word medially and finally. It occurs in stressed and post-stressed syllables. It can also occur in pre-stressed syllables when there are more than two syllables in the word. [ ʔuhu] ʔuhu ‘breast’ [ ʔupә] ʔupa ‘grandchildparent’ [tutu] tutu ‘point’ [ruri] ruri ‘thorn’ [petu] petu ‘k.o. bamboo’ [ ʔahu] ʔahu ‘dog’ [nunuhru] nunuhru ‘runny nose’ 2.1.4.2 Contrasts aeiou [ ʔanni] ʔanni ‘wind’ [ ʔԑnni] ʔen-ni ‘his findingscatch’ [ ʔinni] ʔin-ni ‘his mother’ [ ʔonni] ʔon-ni ‘tree’ [ ʔunnu] ʔun-nu ‘cluster’ 15 o only occurs word finally when it functions as a phrase level enclitic indicating emphasis see §2.1.5.1 below. [kalwedә] → [kalwedo] ‘emphasized greeting’ [handelә] → [handelo] ‘way over there’ ae [ ʔati] ʔati ‘liver’ [ ʔԑti] ʔeti ‘very’ [marmar ә] mar-mara ‘yellow’ [m ԑrmerә] mer-mera ‘red’ [ ʔidә] ʔida ‘one’ [hade] hade ‘that’ au [ ʔahu] ʔahu ‘dog’ [ ʔuhu] ʔuhu ‘breast’ [rarni] rar-ni ‘his blood’ [rurni] rur-ni ‘his bone’ [noh ә] noha ‘island’ [nuhu] nuhu ‘heshe nurses’ uo [ ʔutu] ʔutu ‘louse’ [ ʔotnә] ʔotna ‘rain’ [nuhu] nuhu ‘heshe nurses’ [noh ә] noha ‘island’ ie [ ʔirnu] ʔirnu ‘nose’ [ ʔԑrnu] ʔernu ‘go down’ [nih ә] niha ‘tooth’ [n ԑhu] nehu ‘jump’ [hadi] hadi ‘this’ [hade] hade ‘that’ eo [ ʔeʔә] ʔeʔa ‘heshe’ [ ʔoʔә] ʔoʔa ‘you sg.’ [ler ә] lera ‘sun’ [lor ә] lora ‘ocean’

2.1.5 Supra-segmental features