937 Lera ida
na Rarlay
e-na-mehra
day one
na Rarlay
3s-3s-sick
‘One day Rarlay, she was sick.’ 938 Dewade
de na-mata-doini-a
a’na-ni woru
then that 3s-wake-Comp-Obj
child-POS two
‘Then he woke them up, his two children’
9.1.2 Temporal continuity
Temporal continuity is tracked by the use of time words and they may occur in conjunction with the connector de ‘that’ which refers anaphorically back to the time stated previously. The use of sequential
connectors also helps to track temporal continuity.
939 Noka edon ra-’ar ma’ta de
de honnona ra-wok-la
Iltutnu-Ilgaini
then not
3p-war yet then then
all 3p-gather-at Iltutnu-Ilgaini
‘Then before they began to war they all gathered at Iltutnu-Ilgaini.’
940 R-la’a demade
ra-mtatna 3p-go
then 3p-sit
‘They went and then they sat.’
941 Ir-wotelu ta’eni
tahan-nana wau-wau
dewade ir-hopliala
krita they-three cannot
endure-ABIL RDP-current then 3p-throw away octopus
‘The three of them could not swim against the current and then threw away the octopus they had gathered.’
942 N-pona wehla pa
na-p-lok-lokar na’nama
la nhi’
ud liola
woru 3s-sharpen knife till
3s-STAT-RDP-sharp just then went make
banana trunk two
‘He sharpened the knife till it was sharp and then went and made two pieces of banana trunk.’
943 Mere mak-ler
de de
a-’u-kleha lawra-raini
iskola. But
when-day that then 1s-1s-did not have cloth-clothes
school
‘But at that time I did not have school clothes.’ 944 Lera
ida na
Rarlay e-na-mehra
day one na
Rarlay 3s-3s-sick
‘One day Rarlay, she was sick.’ 9.1.3
Location continuity
Location continuity is tracked through the use of location words and the use of the anaphoric marker de ‘that’ referring back to the location already stated. Repetition of motion verbs is used in order to move
participants from one location to another. This happens especially at episodal or paragraph breaks when participants are being moved from place to place to begin a new episode.
945 Leta gen-ni
de tu’u
pila r-pen-puen
la
leta geni-ni
de tu’u
pila r-penu-penu la
village place-GEN that plant
plant 3p-RDP-full
at
‘That village place was full of plants.’
946 a Noka r-rora r-la’awa
then 3p-two 3p-went
‘Then they went.’ b R-la’awa
3p-go ‘They went’ tail head repetition-movement of actor to new episode and location
947 a Keke’enku’a ra-wlari-wia
child 3p-ran-PERF
‘The children ran.’ b R-rora
r-la’awa 3p-two 3p-go
‘The two of them went.’ movement of actor to new episode and location 9.1.4
Action continuity
Active verbs carry the event-line forward in narrative texts as well as do sequential connectors. In procedural text the use of the connectors which mean, ‘after that then’, keeps the continuity as one
action immediately follows after another.
948 R-la’a demade
ra-mtatna 3p-go
then 3p-sit
‘They went and then they sat.’
949 Ir-wotelu ta’eni
tahan-nana wau-wau
dewade ir-hopliala krita
they-three cannot endure-ABIL RDP-current then
3p-throw away octopus
‘The three of them could not swim against the current and then threw away the octopi they had gathered.’
950 N-pona wehla pa
na-p-lok-lokar na’nama
la nhi’
ud liola
woru 3s-sharpen knife till
3s-STAT-RDP-sharp just then went make
banana trunk two
‘He sharpened the knife till it was sharp and then went and made two pieces of banana trunk.’
951 Na-mtatna nampa r-huri
arak pa
r-emnu 3s-sit
then 3p-pour
whiskey for 3p-drink
‘They sat and then they poured whiskey for them to drink.’ 9.2
Peak 9.2.1
Logical relations at peak
The peak of narrative discourse in Luang is characterized more by interpersonal tension rather than intense action. Concession-contraexpectation and contrast type clauses or paragraphs tend to occur at
peak heightening the tension.
9.2.2 Tense-Aspect-Mood at peak
