Writing in Senior High School

stretch of corrected spoken or written language that is capable of being discussed and analyzed as a single entity. Eyres: 111 Text is needed to be taught in school. The text-types that the students study in school need to be linked and contextualised with the topics or real-life social activities which have direct relevance to student needs. According to Feez and Joyce 1998: 85- 86 in the Certificates in Spoken and Written English there are following families of text types. The families of text types are presented in the next page. Table 2: Families of text types Types of the Text Texts Exchanges Simple exchanges relating to information and goods and services Complex or problematic exchanges Casual conversation Forms Simple formatted texts Complex formatted texts Procedures Instructions Procedures Protocols Information texts Descriptions Explanation Reports Directives Texts which combine more than one of these text-type Story text Narratives Recounts Persuasive texts Opinion texts Expositions Discussion Applying the genre approach is really closely related to text-based syllabus design. Text according to Feez and Joyce 1998: 04 is enlarging a language which is conducted together through meaning cohesively. Meanwhile, syllabus is a plan for a course that is constructed explicitly and coherently. It is considered as a map for both students and teachers containing topics, themes, and materials even for each meeting. By having this guide, both students and teachers can prepare well before the course is begun. A syllabus is usually built by teachers involving students to give their ideas. Finally, text-based syllabus is a course plan containing topics, themes, and materials even for each meeting that is based on texts which cover how language is structured and how it is used in social context to be meaningful. One widely accepted classroom application of teaching English using the genre-based approach is the “teaching and learning cycle” or also referred to as “the curriculum cycle”. According to Feez 2002: 27, there are five stages of teaching and learning cycle. There are Building Knowledge of the Field, Modelling of the Text, Joint Construction of Text, Independent Construction of Text, and Linking Related Text. However, in this research, the researcher only used four stages that was adapted based on the curriculum used in Indonesia. It aims to provide support for learners as they go through each stage of the cycle. 1 Building Knowledge of the Field BKOF This stage focuses on building up a shared experience and cultural context about the topic of text. The interactions mostly happen between teacher and class, and students and students. The focus is on the content information and the language of the genre of the text that is going to be used. It particularly focuses on controlling relevant vocabularies and grammatical patterns of the particular genre. 2 Modelling of the Text MOT This stage focuses on introducing particular genre though a model of text that deals with the field that the students have already explored in the stage of building knowledge of field. Through the model of the text, the teacher and the students work together exploring the cultural context, social function, schematic structure, and linguistics features of the text by using spoken language to focus on written text. 3 Join Construction of Text JCOT In this stage, when students are already familiar with all of the features of a particular genre, teacher and students work together to construct texts that are similar to the text that have already being learnt in the previous stage. In constructing the text, attention should be paid to the schematic structure, linguistic features and knowledge of the field of the text.