CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter presents the method used in this research. It consists of type of the research, setting of the research, subjects of the research, data collecting
instruments, data collecting techniques, techniques of the data analysis, validity, and reliability of the data, procedure of the research and scoring scheme for
writing. Each of them is presented in the following discussion.
A. Type of the Research
In line with the goal of this research to improve the writing skills of the students using picture series, this research was a classroom action research.
Burns 2010: 2 states that the main aim of the action research is to identify a “problematic” situation that the participants consider worth looking into more
systematically. Still, in Burns, the term “action” in action research is to change or to improve the problematic situations in a deliberate way.
According to Kemmis and Robin McTaggart in Burns, 2010:8, action research involves four stages in a cycle; planning, action, observation, and
reflection. The cycle can be continued until the research achieves the satisfactory goal. The four stages of action research can be seen in the schema
below.
Figure 1: Cyclical Action Research Model by Kemmis and McTaggart
Based on the figure above, the research was done in two cycles. In this research, the researcher and the English teacher as a collaborator formulated the
problem related to the writing skill of the students based on the observation then identified the research problems. After that, they planned and carried out the
actions, evaluated and reflected the actions implemented in the study.
B. Setting of the Research
This part consists of two issues. The first issue is the place of the research and the second issue is the schedule of the research. The research took
place at SMA Negeri 2 Sleman. It is located in Brayut Pandowoharjo, Sleman. The senior high school has twelve classes which are divided into three grades
consisted of 326 students. There are 43 teachers in this school included two English teachers.
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