Metoda Analisis Kuantitatif Analitic Hierarchy Process AHP

Bab 3: Metodologi Penelitian 30

3.2.6. Validitas dan Reliabilitas

Pengembalian jawaban kuisioner 43 107 set respon dari 250 set kuisioner dapat dikategorikan sangat baik. Menurut Fellow dan Liu 2008 menyatakan bahwa jumlah data lebih dari 100 set dapat dikategorikan valid dan reliabel untuk dilakukan analisis selanjutnya dalam rangka memperoleh hasil kesimpulan yang baik.

3.2.7. Analisis Data

Teknik analisis statistik terhadap ‘set data kontinyu’ serial data set biasanya dipergunakan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang variabel dan hubungan antara variabel- variabel dalam suatu kasus penelitian Fellow and Liu, 2008. Analitic Hierarchy Process AHP dapat membahas dan menjelaskan secara lengkap mengenai topik penelitian ini: ‘Analisis Prioritas Critical Success Factors CSFs terhadap Manajemen Biaya pa da Proyek Konstruksi’. Analisis Prioritas CSFs memerlukan strategi dan peralatan komputer dengan software untuk tabulasi, menghitung, dan analisis data. Strategi umum biasanya menerapkan tahap-tahap penelitian secara sistematis: seperti melakukan kajian literatur untuk latar belakang dan memposisikan masalah-masalah penelitian; menentukan metoda pemecahan masalahnya untuk membuat kesimpulan serta merekomendasikan area penelitian selanjutnya. Strategi analisis data akan menjadi menarik dan lebih atraktif dengan triangulasi mengombinasikan dua metoda tradisional, yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif Yin, 2009.

3.2.7.1. Metoda Analisis Kuantitatif

Metoda analisis data kuantitatif dapat mengikuti prosedur seperti dikembangkan oleh Saunders et al 2009 dan dikutip penjelasannya sebagai berikut: “..... preparing [data collection results and computer with relevant software], inputting [data] into a computer, and checking [missing data or errors] ....., choosing the most appropriate tables and diagrams to explore and presenting [frequencies of different events] ....., choosing the most appropriate statistics [or other analysis techniques] to Bab 3: Metodologi Penelitian 31 describe [e.g., the meaning ofmode, median, mean, range values, variance, deviations, or other calculations] ....., to examine [variable s] relationships and trends” Saunders et al., 2009, p. 416. Peralatan komputer mesti dilengkapi dengan softwa re yang diperlukan, seperti Microsoft Office dan Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS untuk lebih mudah mengelola data dan lebih cepat menganalisis, termasuk memeriksa kelengkapan data dan susunan matriknya untuk mengetahui lebih dini kemungkinan adanya kesalahan memasukkan data, serta memeriksa validitas, reliabilitas dan konsistensi data. Teknik AHP dapat dipergunakan untuk menganalisa data kuisioner dengan pengukur relatif berdasarkan skala Likert Jaya, et al., 2013. Dengan demikian, hubungan antara skor variabel-variabel CSFs dan trennya masing-masing dapat diekpresikan secara visual grafis melalui fungsi fasilitas Tabel-tabel, Bar-chart, Scatter-diagram , dan lain-lain yang terdapat dalam paket softwa re tersbut.

3.2.7.2. Analitic Hierarchy Process AHP

A questionnaire survey was developed in consultation with experts, and administered to collect wider opinions from project professionals in this area. The expert judgements and questionnaire data were analysed using Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP in order to determine the priority of importance of CSFs. The AHP technique is used to organise and analyse complex decision problems and to deal with both the rational and intuitive selection of the best alternatives through several elements of criteria Saaty and Vargas, 2012. Verbal expressions for making pair wise comparisons would correspond to the absolute number 1 to 9 Saaty, 2008. The fu ndamental values of Saaty‟s nine scales are explained in Table 3-3 below: Bab 3: Metodologi Penelitian 32 Tabel 3-3: The Fundamental of Saatys Absolute Numbers In order to establish AHP, the problem or objectives should be deconstructed into the hierarchical levels of goal, criteria, and alternatives Saaty, 1977; and Haas and Meixner, 2005. This research utilises AHP techniques for synthesising the relations inherent between CSF-alternatives in respect of each element of evaluation-criteria, to determine the most important CSFs as a decision-goal refer to Figure 3-3. Intensity of Importance Definition Explanation 1 Equal Importance Two activities equally contribute to the objective 2 Weak or slight 3 Moderate Importance Experience and judgement slightly favour one activity over another 4 Moderate plus 5 Strong importance Experience and judgement strongly favour one activity over another 6 Strong plus 7 Very strong or demonstrated importance An activity is favoured very strongly over another; it is dominance demonstrated in practice 8 Very, very strong 9 Extreme importance The evidence favouring one activity over another is of the highest possible order of affirmation Reciprocals of above If activity i has one of the above nonzero numbers assign to it when compare to activity

j, then j has

the reciprocal value when compared with i A reasonable assumption

1.1 to 1.9

If the activities are very close May be difficult to assign the best value but when compared with other contrasting activities the size of the small numbers would not too noticeable, yet they can still indicate the relative importance of the activities.