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Baker 1992. The translator omit the word gave us to highlight the intended orientation.
The last strategy is translation by illustration. This is a useful option if the word, which lacks an equivalent in the target language, refers to a physical entity
which can be illustrated, particularly if there are restrictions on space and if the text has to remain short, concise, and to the point.
However, after discussing the strategies stated by Baker 1992, the translators are encouraged to discover more strategies to develop the theory of
translation.
2.2.4 The Translation of Short Story Novel
Translation of literary works such as short story or novel is not as easy as translation of a plain text.
Newmark 1988 states that for key words, translators have to assess their text critically; they have to decide which lexical units are central and have the
more important function, and which are peripheral, so that the relative gains and losses in a translation may correspond to their assessment. The obvious problems
translating a serious novel is the relative importance of the SL culture and author’s moral purpose to the reader - it may be exemplified in the translation of proper
names, of the SL convention and the author’s idiolect; the translation of dialect; the distinction between personal style, literary convention of period andor
movement; and the norms of the SL. The translators have to consider many factors give full intended meaning
to the reader of the literary works.
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2.3 Theoretical Framework
From the explanation above, the writer intends to focus on the problems and strategies of non-equivalence at word level stated by Mona Baker. The
problems are culture specific concepts, the source language concept is not lexicalized in the target language, the source language word is semantically
complex, the source and target languages make different distinction in meaning, the target language lacks a super ordinate, the target language lacks a specific
term hyponym, differences in physical or interpersonal perspective, differences in expressive meaning, differences in form, differences in frequency and purpose
of using specific forms, and the use of loan words in the source text Baker 1992. However, the strategies dealing with the problems above are translation by
a more general word, translation by a more neutralless expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation using a loan word or loan word
plus explanation, translation by paraphrase using a related word, translation by paraphrase using unrelated words, translation by omission and translation by
illustration Baker, 1992. Then, those strategies of problems of non-equivalence in the novel will be
identified and classified.
