Theoretical Framework Research Design

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2.3 Theoretical Framework

From the explanation above, the writer intends to focus on the problems and strategies of non-equivalence at word level stated by Mona Baker. The problems are culture specific concepts, the source language concept is not lexicalized in the target language, the source language word is semantically complex, the source and target languages make different distinction in meaning, the target language lacks a super ordinate, the target language lacks a specific term hyponym, differences in physical or interpersonal perspective, differences in expressive meaning, differences in form, differences in frequency and purpose of using specific forms, and the use of loan words in the source text Baker 1992. However, the strategies dealing with the problems above are translation by a more general word, translation by a more neutralless expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation, translation by paraphrase using a related word, translation by paraphrase using unrelated words, translation by omission and translation by illustration Baker, 1992. Then, those strategies of problems of non-equivalence in the novel will be identified and classified. 31 CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION This chapter explains the details of method of investigation. It contains the research design, source of data, method of data collection, and method of data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

This sub chapter explains the steps how the study being conducted and the approach used in the study. This study analyses the strategies used to overcome the problems of non- equivalence at word level by comparing the English novel as the source text and the Indonesian translation of the novel as the target text. Since this study based on qualitative data, this study uses qualitative analysis. After the data being elicited and listed in the form of table, it begins to be analyzed. Below is the example of the list of the data of the source language and target language texts from sentence 25 and 26 in the table. No SL Text No TL Text 3 Something, a dream trying to be remembered, struggled to break into my consciousness. 3 Sesuatu, sebuah mimpi yang coba kuingat, mencoba menyusup masuk ke dalam kesadaranku. 31 32 The words typed italically are the words contain the problems of non- equivalence. The first column is the number of sentence in the source language text. The second column is the sentence of source language. The third column is the number of sentence of target text. The fourth column is the sentence of target language. The data will be classified into its categories based on the classification of Mona Baker 1992. After being analyzed, the data will be given a brief explanation. The new fifth column is the column of problems of non-equivalence and the strategy used by the translator. No SL Text No TL Text Explanation 3 struggled 3 mencoba Struggle is translated mencoba. Struggle means to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something. - This is problem because of the differences in expressive meaning. - Translation by a more neutralless expressive word - The word mencoba does not always express a very great effort and related to difficulty. Explanation: For sentence number 3, the word “struggle” is literally translated as mencoba. This problem belongs to problemscaused by the differences in expressive meaning. Struggle means to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something. The word mencoba does not always express a very great effort and related to difficulty. The translator used the strategy of translation by a more neutralless expressive word. 33

3.2 Object of the Study