Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

literal expressions 2014: 7. One of the findings of this journal is the left inferior frontal cluster ‘taste’ metaphor more than it tastes literal expressions. Thus, it means, when the people read silently the sentence ‘she is very sweet’, there will be more image or concept received by the people related to their understanding about the word ‘sweet’. However, if they read the sentence ‘she is very kind’ instead of ‘she is very sweet’, they will not feel engaged. Thus, the uses of literal word is not evoking any emotional response from the people who hear that. The journal contributes to this study by supporting this study’s initial assumption that metaphorical expressions can attract more people to imagine and understand the topic which they are listening to because the words contain emotive experience. On the other hand, literal meaning does not have that ability. However, the journal and this study have several differences. The first is that the journal uses neuroscience as its field of study, meanwhile this study uses linguistics, specifically semantics, as the field of study. The second is that the journal wants to compare the impact of metaphorical expressions if people listen to it, meanwhile this study wil analyze the meaning of metaphorical expressions in the speech of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in lexical level. The study on political speech is conducted by Irene Anindyaputri 2014 in her thesis titled “Ideologies Revealed through Euphemistic Expressions in Bashar Al Assad’s July 16th 2014 Inauguration English Speech Transcript”. In the thesis, Anindyaputri analyzes euphemistic expressions which are intentionally used by the president Bassar Al-Assad to convey his ideology toward the domestic and international society. In discovering the euphemistic expressions, she uses the componential analysis of meaning as a strategy to reveal meaning of words and expressions by discovering the semantic properties that lies within it Anindyaputri, 2014: 29. One of her finding proves that the words used by Bashar Al-Assad lacks of particular semantic properties, therefore those lack can build Bashar Al- Assad’s good image in society. For example in the word subservience. She explains that Bashar Al-Assad uses the word subservience rather than submission or servitude because Bassar Al-Assad wants to show that he and the Syrian government are not controlled by others, they are not dependent and they are willing to cooperate with other country Anindyaputri, 2014: 34. In this case, Anindyaputri goes further in revealing the ideology of Bashar Al-Assad through his choice of words. She proves that by collecting the semantic properties which are missing from the text, and, she uses Critical Discourse Analysis CDA to discover the ideology. For example, one of the missing semantic properties is ‘unfair’ from the word ‘opportunist’. As a president, Bashar Al-Assad does not want to create perception among his society that they are treated unfairly by enemies. Assad wants to create perception that the country has dignity and strength so that no one will treat them unfairly Anindyaputri, 2015: 68. Therefore, the ideology of national strength is derived from the missing semantic properties. Anindyaputri’s thesis contributes to this study by showing that political speech is a way used by the statesmen to convey their ideology to the society or the listener, and, the way to scrutinize that is by using Critical Discourse Analysis CDA. The finding supports this study in which this study uses political speech as the object of the study. Not only that, the study also uses the same theory to reveal the politician’s ideology in which it uses Critical Discourse Analysis CDA. However, there are 3 differences between Anindyaputri’s and this study. The first is Anindyaputri’s study uses euphemism as it’s focus of analysis. However, this study uses metaphorical expressions as the focus of analysis. The second diff erence is Anindyaputri’s study uses componential analysis of meaning as the strategy to discover the euphemistic expression meanwhile this study uses Conceptual Metaphor Theory CMT as strategy to discover metaphorical expressions. The third difference is that even though Anindyaputri and this study use political speech as its object, the statesman is different. Anindyaputri chooses Bashar Al-Assad as the statesman, meanwhile this study uses Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as the statesman. It means the ideology of those two statesman may be different as well. Another study of political speech is conducted by Reza Khany and Zohre Hamzelou 2014 in the title A Systemic Functional Analysis of Dictator’s Speech:Towad A Move-Based Model . In the journal, they analyze the rhetorical structure of political speeches from several dictators such as Hitler, Stalin, Mussilini, Gadhafi, and Mubarak by using Systemic Functional Grammar SFG and Critical Discourse Analysis CDA. They explain that the dictators use their linguistic skill to manipulate the society, so that they can convey their message. The journal, through SFG, classify the use of political speech to sustain the dictator’s message into three purposes. The first is to highlight commonality, to justify current policy, and to create state order. They explain that in justifying