Problem Formulation Objectives of the Study

Afghanistan as an appropriate and justifiable response to the act of terrorism even though it costs lots of money and innocent life of Afghanistan civilians. The analysis of Spencer contributes to this study in proving that metaphorical expressions can be used in justifying the ideology of particular actor, in this case the British government who send military troops to Afghanistan to respond terrorism act. The Sun magazine helps British government to shape society’s mindset about terrorism, and how they should respond to that. Thus, it also means that The Sun magazine has a hidden meaning in producing its news. The finding supports the initial assumption of this study that metaphorical expressions may contain ideology of the actors. There are two differences between Spencer’s journal and this study. The first is in Spencer’s journal, he scrutinizes how The Sun magazine shape society’s mindset about terrorism by using metaphorical expression. It means the journal uses psychological factor of the readers. However, this study scrutinizes the use of metaphorical expression from linguistic factor to understand its appropriate meaning. The second is Spencer’s journal analyzes media as discourse, meanwhile this study analyzes political speech as discourse. Another study on metaphor is conducted by Adele E. Goldberg and Francesa M.M Citron 2014 with the title Metaphorical Sentences are Emotionally More Engaging than Their Literal Counterparts . This journal explains the reason why metaphorical expressions are more engaging is because the moment people hear metaphorical expressions, the amygdala and the anterior portion of the hippocampus are more active compare with when the people hear literal expressions 2014: 7. One of the findings of this journal is the left inferior frontal cluster ‘taste’ metaphor more than it tastes literal expressions. Thus, it means, when the people read silently the sentence ‘she is very sweet’, there will be more image or concept received by the people related to their understanding about the word ‘sweet’. However, if they read the sentence ‘she is very kind’ instead of ‘she is very sweet’, they will not feel engaged. Thus, the uses of literal word is not evoking any emotional response from the people who hear that. The journal contributes to this study by supporting this study’s initial assumption that metaphorical expressions can attract more people to imagine and understand the topic which they are listening to because the words contain emotive experience. On the other hand, literal meaning does not have that ability. However, the journal and this study have several differences. The first is that the journal uses neuroscience as its field of study, meanwhile this study uses linguistics, specifically semantics, as the field of study. The second is that the journal wants to compare the impact of metaphorical expressions if people listen to it, meanwhile this study wil analyze the meaning of metaphorical expressions in the speech of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in lexical level. The study on political speech is conducted by Irene Anindyaputri 2014 in her thesis titled “Ideologies Revealed through Euphemistic Expressions in Bashar Al Assad’s July 16th 2014 Inauguration English Speech Transcript”. In the thesis, Anindyaputri analyzes euphemistic expressions which are intentionally used by the president Bassar Al-Assad to convey his ideology toward the domestic and international society. In discovering the euphemistic expressions,