Data Collection Data Analysis
well as the benefit for greater good such as : marginalized society, future generations, etc.
The content of the negotiation is related to repeated interactions among the participants, discussing the possibility of common grounds that will enhance
the trust between the participants, settling the concerns if there is any to make the participants more committed in producing succesful negotiations, and
developing the collective understanding towards the possibility of future problems so that the participants involved will find a way to approach the problem with no
party loses. The direction of the negotiation is covering whether the negotiation is a
roundabout or a straightforward negotiation. If a negotiation is a straightforward one, it means it is an effective and efficient negotiation. However, a roundabout
negotiation means it is a prolonged discussion and inefficient because it wastes lots of valuable resources such as time, energy, and money.
The progress of the negotiation is talking about the obstacles and or the smoothness during the negotiation process. It means the commitment of
participants to have repeated interractions, the fear of having myopia negotiations the cognitive, emotional, and, strategic mistakes that make the negotiation fail to
reach an agreement, the respect toward the privacy and the autonomy of the negotiators, and the effort to show responsibility if there is any bad implications
by having penalty default regulations contribute to the progress of the negotiations.
The word
long
is relevant to “path” schema in journey metaphor because it talks about the distance’s length of the path as well as the great amount of time
to finish the path. In a journey, there are 2 types of path or route that has to be taken by the travellers : long and short route. Thus, it also means the further the
travellers go on the path, the energy and the time spent are bigger. In this case, the negotiation is the path in the journey.
It preconceives the knowledge about the reason why the travellers choose the long path instead of a short one is because the longer the path is, the
destination is also better. In comparison, the word extensive lacks the semantic properties of distance and time eventhough they have same important semantic
properties such as complete from end to an end and large area. Therefore, the word ‘extensive’ does not fulfill the criteria of “path” schema.
So, the word
long
entails the message that Ayatollah believes the long negotiation will create long term benefit instead of short term gain because the
negotiatiors conduct a thorough discussion through repeated interractions and he believes that the Iranian officials have prepared solutions to approach future
problems or bad implications from the result of the negotiation.
Table 2. Semantic properties of
long
and
extensive
Long Extensive
+ Large area
+ +
A great distance -
+ Cover full parts
- +
Complete +
+ Further than expected
- +
Longer than expected -
2. “The honorable president and particularly the negotiation team who really
made great effort
” The word
made
has a distinctive feature that is [+produce physical object], [+cause something to exist], and [+with plan] in comparison with its
closely related words
do
. These related words are under the same semantic domain carry out. The distinctive features that are [+produce physical object],
[+cause something to exist], and [+with plan] simplifies the process of establishing an agreement in the negotiation. The use of great effort in the
sentence is to show the method to establish the agreement. Khamenei wants to convince Iranian society that the Iranian officials who join the nuclear deal
agreement do great effort to make the agreement beneficial to Iran. The agreement is a very detailed and long document that is ineffective for Khamenei to announce
every single of it. It means the concept of agreement has to be simplified as something that society can imagine and understand. The word
made
can simplify the concept of agreement.
Conceptually, effort is conceived as an action, both in physical and mental that is invested or conducted to get or to produce something. A good effort
means people do hardwork, perseverance and focus in getting what they want. It also means there is consistency of struggle and commitment in solving the
obstacles or problems that is faced. Thus, effort is often metaphorically described as a tool and an obligatory eq
uipment to make people’s achievement possible. If there is no effort, it will be hard or even impossible because there is no tools used.