ensure his society that Iran is a fully committed party because the Iranian officials invest their focus and time in doing the negotiation.
The source domain of war metaphor helps Khamenei to verbally confront USA and tell his society that the claim is nonsense. The claim that Khamenei
means is when USA says that they make Iran surrender in the negotiation table. Khamenei uses one of the function of metaphor, that is to ridicule, to disagree
with USA and clarifies that the negotiation ends in win win solution. It means Iran aslo get equal portion of benefit from the agreement. It also shows that Iran
refuses to be called as submissive party in the negotiation table. From those analysis, it is proven how the motives of Khamenei in using
various source domain in metaphorical concept is to boost the society’s trust and confidence toward Iranian officials and Khamenei as well because some society
are doubtful and even disagree with the agreement. Khamenei also wants his society to believe that Iran is a powerful country who can impose threat and make
other powerful countries listen to them. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is the ingroup that tries to portray Iran and the government as capable and wise actor. Those
portrayal are created with the hidden intention of Khamenei. The hidden intention is to maintain stability, security, and peace inside the country so that the Iranian
society do not feel insecure upon the Nuclear Deal Agreement.
2. Anti-Americanism No
Source domain of metaphor Metaphorical expression
1 Container
Filled 2
Product Placed
3
Human
Arrogant 4
Product Reach
5 Building
Expand 6
War Force
Table 18. Source Domain of Metaphor and Metaphorical Expressions Revealing Anti-Americanism
Anti-Americanism is defined as sentiment toward America related toward its government policy, foreign policy, or American people in general. The
reason may be various, but generally it is because America’s aim to be most powerful country in the world and spread its democracy and liberal value. It is
Middle east, Russia, China, and African countries who have this particular ideology.
There are 6 metaphorical expressions found in the speech that in line with this ideology. It consists of 2 product metaphors, 1 human metaphor, 1
container metaphor, 1 building metaphor, and 1 war metaphor. The use of various source domain attempts to establish an anti-americanism ideology through
negative portrayal about America toward Iran society. The product metaphor as source domain contributes in metaphorically
portray America as an enemy of Iran who is hypocrite. For example in the word
placed
, Khamenei literally addresses America as ‘the enemy’ who attacks and give threats particularly to Iran’s defense system to weaken it. This metaphorical
expression support anti-Americanism ideology since the word place contains the semantic property of direct to intended target. Thus, Khamenei intends to show
that America is targetting Iran for particular reason. However, as a sovereign country that has its own autonomy and principle to uphold, Iran should not stay
still. For this reason, Iran acts defensively by confronting the America and giving them the counter attack in form of threat as well. The absence of semantic
property of for a long time in the word
placed
show that the counterattack from Iran manages to reduce the attacks from America. The second metaphorical
expression in the same source domain is
reach.
The word
reach
contains the semantic peoperty of
make decision and develop something. Even though it does not contain negative semantic properties toward America, Khamenei describes
America as an oppressor toward moslem country in which America justifies the violation of human right to happen as long as their interest is fulfilled. Thus,
through the word
reach
, Khamenei shows disatisfaction toward America’s way in pushing their foreign policy. This proof can be seen in the sentence
“The
Americans accuse the Hezbollah and Lebanese Resistance of terrorism. This is while they support the terrorist child-killing government of Zionism. How can one
do business, negotiate, and rea
ch agreement with such a policy”. There are 1 human metaphor as source domain used to reveal the
ideology. By metaphorically treating Iran as a person, Khamenei can make the society treat America with specific particular way of thinking. In this case,
Khamenei wants Iran society for not becoming friendly with America because they are arrogant, criminal, and transgressing. All of the characteristic portray
America as an enemy or adversary that has to be hated because of having negative characteristic and making other people uncomfortable with the characteristic. In
the word
arrogant,
America is portrayed as a person who has an insulting attitude and disrespectful toward those who is considered as weaker than them. It means
Iran believes the success obtained by America is not because they exercise their power in a respectful way but by showing other countries that they are inferior
and dependent toward America. Thus, human metaphor used by Khamenei to unify Iran society’s perception that America is a bad actor and its actions are also
bad thus Iran cannot trust America. In the source domain of container metaphor, the verb
filled
supports an anti-americanism ideology since it treats the attacks and threats from America as
a substance that has spreaded within Iran. The context of attacks and threats are America’s economic sanction to Iran that make Iran unables to improve its
defense system tanks, aircrafts, weapons, and soldiers significantly because it does not have enough budget. At the same time, America is also trying to
normalize its western value through the inevitable impact of digitalization. Thus, Khamenei wants Iran society to be aware of that and avoid themselves from
getting succumbed into the threat. Khamenei also ensures his society that Iran is still capable in protecting the society despite the threat.
In the source domain of building metaphor, the metaphorical expression
expand
is used by Khamenei with the intention to q uantify America’s evil
behavior that is so many and cannot be explained in one speech. Khamenei intends to say to his society that there are so many facts that he can bring to the
society to show why America does not deserve to be called as a peaceful keeper in the international world. It entails the implication that Iran society is curious to
listen to that. The metaphorical expression of
force
in the source domain of war metaphor is employed by Khamenei to show that America is a problematic
country who actually fail to manage its own domestic problem. It can be seen PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
through the statement “
Their domestic problem forces them into blustering
”. It makes Khamenei dislikes America even more because America does not focus in
solving the domestic problems. Instead, it heavily invest the intention and budget on the foreign policy. The fact that America uses 30 of its federal budget for
foreign policy and the fact that there are still many poverty and unemployments in America strengthen Khame
nei’s claim. Since Khamenei is the ingroup, he deemphasizes good things the
outgroup International society by portraying them as bad human who has arrogant and aggressive personality. He wants to shape Iranian society’s mind for
not accepting International society; its culture and belief, because International society has totally the opposite values with Iran. For example Iran upholds
conservative mindset. However, International society upholds liberal value. By trying to shape that mindset to the society, the hidden intention of Khamenei is to
preserve the original culture and belief of Iran so that their value is not going to cease.
