Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides the methodology used by the researcher in conducting this research. There are four sections in this chapter. The first section is research method, which describes the method used in this research. The second section is source of data, in which it provides the source used in gathering the data of the research. The third section provides the instruments and data gathering techniques. The last section describes the technique used in analyzing the data.

A. Research Method

In this research, the researcher used qualitative research. According to Hancock 2002, p. 6, “qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of social phenomenon”. In addition, Taylor and Bogdan 2000 state that qualitative research aims to present rich descriptions of phenomena. Besides, qualitative research also “aims to help us to understand the social world in which we live and why things are the way they are” Hancock, Ockleford, and Windridge; 2009, p. 6. Mayring in 2014 also adds that qualitative research is an open, explorative, descriptive, and interpretive conception. As addition, Grix 2004 states that qualitative research usually involves in-depth investigation of knowledge, such as archival or other documentary analysis. As the explanations above, this research presents an explanation of social phenomenon of code switching which was used by Keara in a descriptive way. Qualitative research helped the researcher in gaining deeper understanding about the types and speech functions of code switching used by Keara in the novel. In order to answer the research questions of this research, the researcher conducted a content analysis. Silverman 2001 sta tes that “content analysis is an accepted method of textual investigation, particularly in the field of mass communication” p. 159. In 2004, Krippendorff defines that content analysis is “a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from texts or other meaningful matter to the contexts of their use” p. 233. He adds that content analysis can be taken with any written materials. As what Krippendorff said, the data can be taken from any written materials such as books, magazines, articles, novels, documents and newspaper. However, other materials or sources such as songs, videos, movies, and speeches can also be used by using their transcript. In this research, the source which is used is in the form of a novel.

B. Source of Data