Its purpose is to reflect and express some of human experiences or conducts Taylor, 1981. It also carries some meaning and values of life.
3. Antologi Rasa
Antologi Rasa is a novel by Ika Natassa which is published in 2011 and it has been published three times. The last version is included with a visual design
of some scenes in the novel which are made by Natassa herself. Antologi Rasa is one of the special novels. Besides the visual design, this novel also provides us
with three different points of view from the three main characters. The first point of view is from Keara’s, followed by Harris’s and then Ruly’s point of view. It
makes this novel special and different from Natassa ’s previous novels.
4. Bilingual and Multilingual
Bilingual is a condition in which people can understand two languages, whether they have already mastered it or slightly understood it. Appel and
Muysken 1987 state that bilingualism is an open-ended semantics concept because it enables the researcher to choose which language suits the best for his
purpose. Salla 2010 also states that bilingualism is an effect of the communication of people with different languages. Whereas multilingualism is “a
result of historical events which make changes in power, border, and immigration to new found lands” Salla, 2010, p. 397.
5. Code Switching
Code switching is the change of one language into two or more languages which happens in the same occasion. Wardaugh 1986 states that a code is a
system which is used when two or more people communicate. Some linguists PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
often differentiate between code switching and code mixing, and some other do not differentiate it. However, in this research, the researcher chooses to use the
same definition for code switching and code mixing as the changes of code or language in the same discourse. It is supported by Saville-T
roike 2003 that “I avoid that term because of the pejorative connotation that intersentential switching
involves a random or unprincipled combination of language” p. 50. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
10
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter provides the review of related literature. There are two sections in this chapter which are theoretical description and theoretical
framework. Theoretical description explains the relevant theories used in this research. Theoretical framework summarizes and synthesizes all theories which
help the researcher in conducting the research to answer the research questions.
A. Theoretical Description
In this section, before we go further to code switching, there are some terms in which should be discussed in order to know more on the phenomenon of
code switching. Code switching is believed as the result of bilingual and multilingual societies. In bilingual and multilingual societies, people have the
ability to understand and speak more than one or two languages. Therefore, the first thing which will be discussed is bilingual and multilingual, followed by code
switching, a brief description about Antologi Rasa and Keara, types of code switching, and the last one is speech functions of code switching.
1. Bilingual and Multilingual
In this era, there are so many bilingual and multilingual societies. According to Hoffman 1991 bilingual is “a natural phenomenon born over the
years and the centuries communities establish links with one another, whether PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
