However, long before Saville-Troike states his opinion on the types of code switching, Poplack in 1980 has already stated her opinions on types of code
switching. She classifies the types of code switching into three different categories. The first two categories are similar with that are said by Saville-
Troike, which are inter-sentential and intra-sentential code switching. The other one is named as tag switching.
a. Tag Switching
Tag switching is the least complicated switching. It is because it needs a little integration of the two languages. Tag switching is related to the inclusion of
a tag Jalil, 2009, p. 4. Poplack 1980 says that the insertion of a tag has no influences to the rest of the sentence. The insertion of the tag also can be moved
freely and attached almost in anywhere. The example of English tags which usually used are ‘you know’, ‘I mean’, ‘yeah’, etc. The use of tag switching can
be seen in the following monologue from Ika Natassa’s Antologi Rasa novel 2012:
Yeah, bro, mimpi aja terus. Monologue, Ruly, p. 120
Keara gue itu
—yeah, I wish—malah tertawa. Monologue, Harris, p. 126
Untuk sekolah dan lulus itu hal yang mudah, yang susah itu pas nanti
nyari kerjanya, yeah.
The use of ‘yeah’ word is one of the most common tag switching used by people. It is because the word ‘yeah’ can simply explain what is difficult to be explained.
People will understand the meaning of ‘yeah’ easily. Moreover, when it is followed by the speaker’s facial expression or intonation.
From the two examples above, we can also see that the insertion of the word ‘yeah’ is vary. It can be in the beginning of the sentence just like in the first
example, or it can be in the middle of the sentence as in the second example. We can also infer that tag switching does not require high understanding of a certain
language to use it.
b. Inter-sentential Code Switching
Inter-sentential code switching happens between sentences. It can also occur in the clause or sentence level where its caluse or sentence is in diffirent
languages. The difference between clause and sentence is that a clause cannot stand alone, but a sentence can. The speaker does not have to master the
languages to use inter-sentential code switching. However, it is one level higher than tag switching. The following dialogue is the example of inter-sentential
switching.
Andrea : Adjie Kamu barusan moto kita??
Adjie : Trus kenapa?
Andrea : Adjie Kamu tuh kayak anak kecil banget sih Makan
belepotan, ciuman aja pake difoto…
Adjie : Sayang, sebelum kamu ngomel-ngomel, liat bener-bener
dulu dong fotonya You’re so beautiful and photogenic in
this one Natassa, 2007, p.187
The use of inter- sentential switching is shown in Adjie’s dialogue, when he used
code switching from Indonesian to English. The code switching used by Adjie is in the form of a sentence. Here, we can see that inter-sentential switching has
lower risk of violating grammatical and syntactic rules. It is because when the clause or sentence is in Indonesian, the speaker uses Indonesian grammatical
rules. On the other hand, when the speaker speaks in English, he uses grammatical English rules.
c. Intra-sentential Code Switching
