Figure 2.1 Features of Pronunciation
Adapted from Gerald Kelly: How to Teach Pronunciation. 2000, p. 1
a. Phonemes
Phonemes are the unit of sound in a specific language that has different sound with the other language. Even people have differences in articulate sounds; we can
still describe how they produce the sounds.
8
Then, phonems which makes connection between sounds and meaning. Phonemes consist of two categories:
consonants and vowels. 1
Consonants Consonants are a speech sound that is not vowel. In this situation, change one
consonants with another is possible to make the communication breakdown than wrong vowel.
9
There are three kinds that distinguish in conconants: voice, tongue
8
Ibid.
9
Hewings, op. cit., p. 15.
shape, and articulator.
10
a. Voice: Vocal cords can be narrowed along their entire length so that they
vibrate as the air passes through them .
b. Tongue shape: extremely mobile and can take up many positions to change the
size and shape of the mouth, thus affecting sounds. c.
Articulator: Any vocal organ that takes part in the production of speech sound. Such as: tongue, lips, etc; those that can move, and teeth, the hard palate, etc;
that remain fixed. There are 24 conconants in English, namely:
Table 2.1 The English Consonants
Consonants
P pin, pie, lip
S sue, see, bus
B bin, boy, cab
Z zoo, goes
T to, toe, cat
ʃ she, shy, dish
D do, dog, bed
ʒ measure, leisure, beige K
cot, cat, back H
hello, his, ahead G
got, go, beg M
more, me, seem ʧ
church, cheek, watch N
no, sun ʤ
judge, joy, budge ɳ
sing, singer F
fan, fill, life ɭ
live, long, full V
yan, view, love R
red, run, car Θ
think, thin, bath Y
yes, you, soya Ð
the, bathe W
wood, win, away
Adapted from Martin Hewings: Pronunciation Practice Activities: A Resource Book for Teaching Engllish Pronunciation, 2004, p. 15
Some of consonant are use vibration when pronounce or called voiced, and the other is not used vibration in pronounce words, called unvoiced. This is some
10
Charles W. Kreidler. The Pronunciation of English : Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004, p. 30.
Kategori