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CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Pronunciation
Learners who study English language are required to hear English pronunciation. They demanded to reproduce the foreign words and sounds. The
writer is giving some definition to make clear understanding about pronunciation.
1. Nature of Pronunciation
There some some definition of pronunciation that might be useful to support the writer. According to Hewings in Pronunciation Practice Activities,
―Pronunciation is components of speech that range from the individual sound that make up speech, to the way in which pitch
– the rise and fall of the voice – is used to convey meaning‖.
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It means that component in pronunciation is intonation which will make someone easily to understand speaker’s meaning.
Ur assumed pronunciati on is ―to say the sound right, to use the words to
express the appropriate meaning, or to construct their sentence in a way that sounds accept
able‖.
2
It means that people can express their feeling and convey their meaning by using speech right.
Meanwhile ―Pronunciation is a feature of speech and spelling a feature of
writing, spelling will often have an influence on the learning of pronunciation as the majority of learners use written texts in their studies’.
3
Spelling is one of important feature in pronunciation for students who is learning written text.
Based on Sound Concepts, pronunciation is ―an integrated system that
consists of speaking and listening or production and perception ‖.
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It means, in speaking and listening skills, they are need pronunciation to produce and
receptive.
1
Martin Hewings. Pronunciation Practice Activities: A Resource Book for Teaching Engllish Pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 3.
2
Penny Ur. A Course in Language Teaching : Practice and Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 103.
3
Hewings, op. cit., p. 9.
4
Marnie Reed and Christina Michaud. Sound Concepts; An Integrated Pronunciation Course. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005, p. viii.
Then, according to The Handbook of English Pronunciation, Pronunciation is
―central to language use in social, interactive context because pronunciation embodies the way that the speaker and the hearer work together to establish and
maintain common ground for producing and understanding each other’s utterances‖.
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The last, based on The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to speakers of Other Languages,
pronunciation is ―the production and perception of the significant sounds of a particular language in order to achieve meaning in contexts
of language use‖.
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It means pronunciationis part of language that used to receptive meaning of language.
From all definition above, the writer may conclude, pronunciation is a sound comes from vocal cords in the form of words or sentence that become one or
important unit in the language to convey meaning from the speaker, even it was neglected by learners.
2. Feature of Pronunciation
There are some features of pronunciation that can make the learners to avoid being misunderstood in learning pronunciation, such as kinds of error that most
likely to interfere with communication. This figure below will show the main feature of pronunciation.
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There are phoneme and supra segmental. Phoneme divide into 2 parts: consonants, that consist of voiced and unvoiced, and vowels
that consist of single vowels short and long and diphthong. Furthermore, supra segmental consist of intonation and stress word stress and sentence stress. All of
this feature will explain above.
5
Marnie Reed and John M. Levis. The Handbook of English Pronunciation: First Edition. Oxford: John Wiley Sons, Inc, 2015, p. 353.
6
Ronals Carter and David Nunan. The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 56.
7
Gerald Kelly. How to Teach Pronunciation. England: Longman, 2000, p. 1.
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