Thinking Framework THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the method and design of study, the place and time of study, the population and sample, the instruments and techniques of collecting data, and the techniques of data analysis.

A. Place and Time of Study

This study took place at SDN 06 Ciputat which is located at Jalan Ki hajar Dewantara, No: 6 Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15411. The study was conducted from March to April 2016. B. Method and Design of Study The objective of this study is to obtain the activities in the classroom during teaching and learning pronunciation taking place. Therefore, the writer used qualitative research as a method in her research. Qualitative research emphasize in understanding some aspects of phenomenon in somewhere and produces descriptive data in the form of written and oral words. According to Afrizal, qualitative research defines as a research method in social science which collects and analyzes data related to oral or written items and human actions. 1 A case study was applied in this study by the writer. The writer observed and collected the data factually. According to Stake, Case study in qualitative research is not methodological choice, but a choice of subject to be studied. The case is a specific, a complex and functioning thing and it is an integrated system with some features. 2 First, the writer listed the population and chose one teacher as sample. After that, the writer observed teaching and learning process in the classroom. All activities during the research was recorded by using camera. Next, the writer interviewed the teacher and the students as the informants. The interview was started from the simple questions such as: name, background, personality, and 1 Afrizal. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo. 2014. pp.21. 2 Bedrettin Yazan. Three Approaches to Case Study Methods in Education: Yin, Meriam, and Stake. The Qualitative Report 2015 vol 20, no. 2. University of Albama. pp.139. activities in the class. The last, the writer apply document analysis; teacher’s plan and syllabus in order to support data of this research.

C. Subject of The Study

The population of this research is all teachers of SDN 06 Ciputat. The sample of this study is an English teacher of 6C class at SDN 06 Ciputat.

D. The Instrument and Technique of Data Collecting

This study used observation, interview, and document as instruments. There are some steps in collecting data for this study: 1. Observation Observation is the process of individual to get the information about others by viewing their action in the class. The tools that used in observations are: field notes, making entries into a log or keeping a journal and also audiotapes, videotapes, checklist, and rating scale. In this study, the writer recorded activities in class and made some notes or field notes. The observation started from teacher’s preparation, opening, teaching and learning process, and closing. 2. Interview Interviews are basic to finding the information to collect the data where the person asks question to another responds. By conducting interview, the writer will understand of an individual’s background and experience. Consecutive questions were used by the writer based on the number which have prepared for participants. The quetions are about teaching and learning pronunciation in class. 3. Document Document is one of data sources which is available and accurate. The writer used teacher’s lesson plan and syllabus as data source to analyze whether or not it is appropriate with classroom activities.

E. Technique of Data Analysis

The writer used descriptive qualitative which is the data derived from document, observation, and interview. All of the result was classified based on research questions then the writer analyzed it. The data from instruments cannot be divided because three of them related to each other. First, the writer observed the classroom then analyzed the field note and video recording. All the activities in the classroom were observed by the writer to see feedback of teaching and learning process. The result of observation will notice the technique the teacher used and the process in implementing the teachnique in teaching pronunciation in the classroom. Afterward, the result was compared with the interview result to supported the data of observation. Second, the interview was done. Two students and the English teacher were interviewed. Then, the interview was recorded and trancribed. The writer checked and analyzed the transcription. After that, she interpreted what the informants have informed compared the result of interview and the fact in class. Third, lesson plan and syllabus of sixth grade students were the kinds of documents and will be analysed by the writer. She used that to look the compatibility of the pronunciation teaching techniques through the indicator, whether the activity the activity already appropriate in indicator or not. After the writer explained the data, the writer described the conclusion based on the result of data.