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III. BIRD COMMUNITY IN KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS Abstract
The objective of the research was to analyze the structure of bird community in Karimunjawa Islands regarding its species richness, species
diversity, evenness and guild composition. The research took place in 12 islands of Karimunjawa Islands, i.e. Island of Karimunjawa, Kemojan, Parang, Nyamuk,
Menjangan Besar, Menjangan Kecil, Geleang, Kembar, Cemara Besar, Burung, Seruni and Genting. The research was conducted in June 2006, October 2006 and
finished on June 2007. The data on birds from each island were collected using point count method. Bird observation was conducted from 06.00 to 12.00 hours,
when birds’ activity was at its peak. The distances between each point count were 100 and 150 meters with viewing radius of 20 meters from each point. The
research revealed that there were 54 bird species in Karimunjawa Islands that belong to 54 species, 22 families and 11 orders. Sixteen of these bird species were
protected by Indonesian legal law, three were categorized as NT Nearly Threatened by IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and
seven of them were enlisted in CITES Convention on International Trade of wild fauna and flora. The diversity index H’ of the bird community in Karimunjawa
Islands was 2.51 and the diversity level in 12 islands as the research site ranged 1.65 – 2.52. Based on the family category, Columbidae was represented by the
highest number of spesies in the community, whereas based on the average number of individuals, Zosteropidae dominated the proportion. In terms of
relative individual numbers, one species, Zosterops chloris was categorized as abundant. As many as 17 species were categorized as island specific dispersal.
Carnivore insectivore birds were found to dominate the species guild composition, and Frugivore-Insectivore birds dominated the average number of individuals.
Analysis of t test in the diversity index of birds among the individual islands of Karimunjawa Islands showed that there were non significant difference of
diversity index between one island and the other despite the difference in statistics of the index. The analysis of the eveness index through dendrograms and MDS
Multi Dimensional Scaling showed that there were two major bird communities. This research also showed that monsoon season could influence the diversity
index observed at different times. Based on the bird species richness at each habitat in Karimunjawa Islands it was found that 39 bird species lived in
mangroves, 32 species lived in coastal forests, 26 species lived in low land forests, 35 species lived in mixture gardens, and 29 species were found in the residential
areas.
Keywords : Birds community, guild, Karimunjawa Islands, Central Java
Part of this research has been published in Biodiversitas, an accredited scientific journal of Universitas Sebelas Maret, volume 8 number 3 July 2007,
p: 183-187
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III. KOMUNITAS BURUNG DI KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA