Examples in the Asian setting: Example from outside Asia:

RIGHTS AIPP AIPP Regional Capacity Building Program - Training Manual on the UNDRIP Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh, which forbids the entry into, and the acquisition of land, by any other than a “native” of the territory within that “inner line”.

2. Other medium-level examples within Asia are:

• peninsular India other than the Northeast, especially those where the 5th Schedule to the Constitution of India applies; and • Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh.

3. Examples from outside Asia:

• Greenland in northern Europe with the Greenland Home Rule Act • Kuna Yala in Panama.

V. CHALLENGES

A. Needs, Capaciies, Strategies

Needs, capacities and strategies will obvi- ously vary, from country to country, from one indigenous people to another, and from situa- tion to situation.

1. At the international and national levels

One common concern in the indigenous peoples’ relations with the state is their or- ganizational and lobbying weaknesses at the national and international levels. • At the international level, few indige- nous peoples have been able to promote their case in an efficient manner. Excep- tions, to an extent, are the Cree in Quebec, Canada, the Saami from Scandinavia and the Innuit from Greenland. There is no central secretariat for indigenous peoples at Geneva, New York and other interna- tional centers dealing with human rights issues. • Similar problems are faced on account of organizational, logistical and resource constraints at national levels. Few indigenous peoples have offices and representatives in national capi- 35 Certain cases showing the actual exercise of this right may involve armed struggle followed by some degree of political settlement or international recognition. This might be a sensitive topic, which the individual trainer must mention but carefully handle on a case-to-case basis, depending on the situation. Note to trainers This final section should be a participatory process of envisioning and identification for the particular context of the partici- pants. Discuss with the participants the three main points as listed below: • Needs, capacities, strategies • Implementation • Monitoring Split up the participants into workshop groups, and have them do poster presen- tations afterwards, in plenary. One possible poster you can ask the partic- ipants to work on is a mapping or charting of levels of governance in their respective countries or contexts which they should take into consideration in strategizing. Suggested Method Module-1