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Halliday in Sinar 2003: 60 says that focusing language on the clause level with respect to the notion of clause as representation, clause as a representation
means that one function of the clause is a representation of experience of both external reality i.e. reality outside oneself and internal reality. Reality inside
oneself. The experiential or representational function of language clause is realized by the transitivity system of language clause. The outer world of reality that is
brought into the inner world of reality in one’s consciousness, which is encoded in the transitivity system of language, is interpreted as a what-is-going process, which is
related to material actions, events, states and relations. The what-is-going-an processes of the realities under discussion, and he has also linguistically
grammatically classified the various processes in question into various process type: 1 material, 2 Mental, 3 Relational, and he classifies other processes into three
subsidiary process type: 1 Behavioral, 2 Verbal, 3 Existential.
2.4.1 Material Process
The material clauses construe the procedure as a sequence of concrete changes in the trees brought about by the person being instructed the implicit you which could be
made explicit, as in you replace the fruiting rod. In the example above and in material clauses in general, the source of the energy bringing about the change is typically
participants the actor, participant are realized by nominal groups M.A.K Halliday : 2004.
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26 We have net two participant roles in material clauses, the Actor and the Goal. The
Actor is an inherent participant in both intransitive and transitive material clauses. The Goal is inherent in transitive clauses M.A.K Halliday: 2004.
Material processes, all these clauses are describing processes of doing, usually concrete, tangible actions. Processes of doing are what we call material processes. The basic
meaning of material processes in that some entity does something, undertakes some action. This is the semantic definition of material processes Suzanne Eggins: 2004.
For example: She
overcome the problem
Actor Process: Material
Goal
According to Halliday in Sinar 2003: 61 says that three are 2 participants inherent in the process, i.e. He overcame the problem as the goal. The actor is the active
participant in the process or the one that does the deed, whereas the goal is the one to which the process is extended, or the one being affected by the process.
2.4.2 Mental Processes
Mental Processes is that people are not always talking about concrete processes of doing. We very often talk not about what we are doing, but about what we think or feel.
Halliday calls processes which encode meanings of thinking or feeling mental processes.
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27 While material clauses are concerned with our experience of the material world,
mental clauses are concerned with the experience of the world. They are clauses of sensing. Such clauses are similar to emotive and cognitive”mental” clauses in that the
Senser is construed as a conscious being. In a material clause, every participant is a thing: that is, it is a phenomenon of our experience, including of course our inner experience or
imagination, some infinity person, creature, institution, object, substance or abstraction. Mental processes are processes of sensing, in which a participant, i.e. a conscious
being or thing, is engaged in a process of seeing, feeling or thinking, which may involve some other participant s. In the case of a mental process having two participants, the
second participant may be a thing or a fact. The first participant as the conscious being or thing is the one that sense – perceives, feels or thinks. This sensing perceiving, feeling,
thinking participant is typically human, or else human like, and is referred to as Senser. The second participant, i.e. the sensed perceived, felt or thought participant, is called
phenomenon. Sinar: 2007: 61-62. Halliday categorizes mental processes into three principal subtypes: 1 perception,
2 affection, and 3 cognition. As been stated, in a mental process there should be one participant that is human or human like, i.e. the one that senses – perceives, feeling or
thinking, this participant should be a conscious being, and a human being is conscious. It is possible that a non-human being can be the sensing participant if it is endowed with
consciousness. This being the case, the sensing participant is called a human like sensing participant, which is grammatically labeled as. Consider the following illustrations:
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28 Mental: Cognition
You teacher trusts
you Senser
Process: mental, cognition Phenomenon : fact
Mental: Perception You
See My appearance now
Senser Process: mental, perception
Phenomenon : act
Mental: affection Many students
love The teacher
Senser Process: mental,
phenomenon
2.4.3 relational Process
