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Indirectreported speech:
You said
that they
pay You
Sayer Pr: verbal
Actor Pr: material
Client
2.4.5 Behavioral processes
Halliday describes these processes semantically as a ‘half-way house’ between mental and material processes. That is, the meanings they
realize are mid-way between materials on the one hand and mental on the other. They are in part about action, but it is action that has to be
experienced by a conscious being. Behavioral are typically processes of physiological and psychological behavior. For example:
Breathe, cough, dream, frown, gawk, grimace, grin, laugh, look, over, scowl, smile, sniff, snuffle, stare, taste, think on, watch.
Indicating their close relationship with mental processes, some behavioral in fact contrast with mental process synonyms, e.g. look at is
behavioral but see is mental, listen to is behavioral but hear is mental. Not only are these types of verbs semantically a mix of material and mental, but
grammatically they also fall mid-way between material and mental processes.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40 The majority of behavioral have only one participant. Behavioral
thus express from of doing that does not usually extend to another participant. This one obligatory participant is called the behaver, and is
typically a conscious being like the senser in his mental process clause, for example:
She sighed
With despaired. Behaver
Pr: behavioral Circ: manner
He coughed
Loudly. Behaver
Pr: behavioral Behavior
Behavioral can contain a second participant that is like a Range: a restatement of the process. This participant is called the behavioral, for
example: He
smiled A broad smile.
Behaver Pr: behavioral
Behavior
If there is another participant which is not a restatement of the process, it is called a phenomenon, for example:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41 George
sniffed The soup.
Behaver Pr: behavioral
Phenomenon
Behavioral processes often occur with circumstantial elements, particularly of manner and clause, for example:
Simon laughed
At the girl’s stupidity Behaver
Pr: behavioral Circ: mannercause
She Was crying
With frustration. Behaver
Pr: behavioral Circ: mannercause
While behavioral display many features of mental processes, the process functions more like one of ‘doing’ than one of ‘thinkingfeeling’, etc. the
evidence for this is that the unmarked present tense for behavioral is the present continuous, as it for materials.
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2.4.6 Existential Processes.
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