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the one that is done to, sensed, etc. while circumstances are typical adjuncts Indriani: 2008.
Benazir Bhutto was born on June 21
st
1953; she was died on December 27
th
2007 in Karachi. Benazir Bhutto was the most powerful woman in the Islamic word. And from her speeches he has power control and influences his environment. She is
one of the greatest ladies of the world. She was a Pakistan Politician, the first woman elected to lead a Muslim state, twice elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan.
First in 1988 and again 1993 she was the eldest child of former premier, she was the first woman leader of Muslim country in modern time to head the government of an
Islamic. The Benazir Bhutto’s speeches are chosen as the object of the analysis because I am interested in the language found in her speech, and the character of
Benazir Bhutto as a brave women, is the main reason for choosing her. This thesis only concerns with one component of the metafunction a
function that is the ideational meaning. The ideational meaning consists of a system which is called the Transitivity. The system of transitivity is a presentation of
meaning in a clause.
1.2 Problems of the Analysis
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Based on the background, in this thesis, there are some problems that will be analyzed, and these problems need to be resolved. The problems are:
1. How to apply the experiential function theory in analyzing text?
2. What experiential meanings are in Benazir Bhutto’s speeches?
3. What is the dominant of the experiential meanings process of Benazir
Bhutto’s speeches?
1.3 Objectives of the Analysis
Dealing with the analysis of Transitivity process found in two selected Benazir Bhutto’s speeches, the objectives of the analysis of this thesis are:
1. To describe the theory of experiential functions in analysis text.
2. To find out the experiential functions accrued in Benazir Bhutto’s
speeches. 3.
To find out the dominant types of experiential meaning processes in Benazir Bhutto’s speeches by using SFL theory.
1.4 Significance of the Analysis
After completing this thesis it is expected that language learners could have an adequate knowledge on experiential meaning’s processes through a speech.
Moreover, this thesis can also be useful as one of the references in analyzing process
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in speech by using the system of transitivity. Also to find out the six types of experiential meaning process in Benazir Bhutto’s speech. Hopefully, this thesis will
be useful for the readers who are interested in studying discourse analysis with focus on experiential meaning process.
1.5 Scope of the Analysis
The analysis is focused on the processes in the systems of transitivity on three Benazir Bhutto’s speeches which consists of material process, mental process,
verbal process, relational process, behavioral process, and the last Existential
process found in the Benazir Bhutto’s speeches.
CHAPTER II
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis is not a simple field of study. It covers the use of language, spoken and written, in the real communication. Discourse analysis in its everyday practice
deals with texts as heterogeneous as advertisement, biological research articles, police interviews, newspaper editorials, and life stories.
In order not to be wrong in the usage of discourse and text, there are some definitions by the experts of linguistics:
Kress in Sinar 2007: 23 says that “Discourse is a category that belongs to and derives from the linguistic domain. The relation between the two is one of realization:
Discourse finds it expression or realization of a number of sometimes competing and contradictory discourses”.
Halliday Hasan in Sinar 2007: 7 say that text is the unit of language usages. It’s not the grammatical unit like clause and sentence; and it’s not defined by following its
length”. In discourse analysis, the word text generally, refers to the record of situation process discoursed according to Gregory in Sinar 2008: 7 involved without any limitation
on language systems.
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from oral and written medias without any limitations, which forms the whole units, the unit of language usage; not grammatical unit like clause and sentence; and is not defined based
on its length; has a unity or texture which differs it from the one which is not a text and it involves the semantic relation referred to which is called as Cohesion and Coherence in an
expressed meaning, it’s not only in CONTENTFORM. But the WHOLE choice of the source of language semantics.
Sinar 2007: 7 cites as a language unit, a text consists of signals and representing the actions undergone by the human beings or meaningful objects and situations, the
symbols which construct THE CONTENTFORM and produces a cohesive and coherence message. The aspect of cohesion and textual coherence plays on important role which is
used by the speaker and discourse writer. Sinar 2007: 8 says that text is just like a live thing on language level and text is also
as a semantic unit that is the source of meaning maker, it can realize the meaning which is controlled by the discourse of meaning. As a matter of fact, morpheme, word, phrase,
clause realize a wording which is controlled by the grammar and lexicon. Phoneme realizes he sound phonology and realizes the sound phonology and realizes graphemea letter
graphology. The analysis of text can be done in the level below text that is investigating some aspects, such as: graphemephoneme, morpheme, word, phrase, clause that is
vertically to the bottom that is analyzing the linguistic variables. Next, we can analyze the text vertically to the top by investigating the context variables of linguistic that is context of
situation, culture, and ideology. The variable that still exists above the text interacts or
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globally all the potentials are analyzed depending on the needs or aim which is intended by the researcher and how far the relevance or the involvement of variable n which will be
searched. Stiller, G in Sinar 2007: 8 says that text shows a kind of unity or texture which gives
the capability to the text which is noticed socially as something intact. Text is bound and tied up and as a means produced. The function is bringing together the separated parts.
Text has the meaningful unit, and it is the authority of the source of meaning maker included the source of “material” which has a quality; such has voice quality for an oral text
or draft of a written text. The identification of text can be accomplished through the
togetherness of text substance which is associated by the social agents in various situations.
From those definitions of discourse and text, I agree with the experts of the Systemic Linguistic Theory like Kress, Halliday, and Stellar as emphasized in Sinar 2007: 8
who mentioned that discourse is a social domain and text belongs to linguistic domain. The discourse and text, of course, have separated domains; nevertheless the relation between
text and discourse is a realization. In addition, discourse moves actively and can do something in the real context which determines the social life. The discourse is closely
related to the contexts of situation, culture, and ideology.
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2.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory
