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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research motivation
Advancements in
information and
communication technology ICT offers many benefits to all aspects of life as far as education
and communication is concerned. For instance, Internet technology or World Wide Web are
technology means that enable people around the globe to share ideas and informations
successfully.
According to the website Pondered.org 2006, following are several example of the
benefit of the Internet such as:
Information Access:
The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information in which all
informations can be accessed through the help of search engine.
E-learning:
As far as education is concerned, online course or web based training
have improved the access to information and communication, particular in research topic and
distance learning.
For example,
most universities
provide flexible
learning environment via their websites.
Communication: Internet
technology provides communication among cultures and
within families. For example, email and Instant Messaging
provides rapid
and instant
communication among cultures of different diversity
and geography.
Other mass
communication access
such as
Skype application, provides fast and economic means
of communication among families near and abroad. Furthemore, the Internet also provides
conviniency in business communication in regard to customer services and business
evaluation and progress.
Shopping:
online shopping is a time efficient system in which shopping is done via
the Internet without actually buying products directly from shops and the payment can be
done through credit card.
Due to these benefits, the government is implementing
electronic-government e-
government concept. This means, establishing ICT as a convinient way of communication and
sharing of informations and ideas among citizens, stackholders, and government.
How about e-government of Cambodia and Indonesia now? Cambodia and Indonesia are
developing countries and currently developing e-government system. According to Guido
Bertucci, based on the United Nation survey for e-governemt readiness in South-East Asia
2008, indicates that e-government readiness of Indonesia is better than Cambodia. In
comparison, Indonesian government is ranked 106 while Cambodia is 115 out of 192
countries. However, both countries have lower ranking compare to other South East Asia
countries such as Singapore, Malayesia, Thailand, Philipines, Brunei, and Vietnam.
Despite their commitment to e-government, they are confronted with many challenges
which could inhibit their effort to fully embrace e-government. For instance, challenge such as
lower usage of the Internet due to lack of Internet fasilities provided by the government.
Furthemore, online services could not reached in isolated areas due to unavailablity to Internet
connection.
Due to the above reasons, I am motivated to carry out this research. First, to investigate the
concept of e-government and finally, to evaluate the implementation of e-government both in
Cambodia and Indonesia.
1.2 Research objectives
The objectives are as follow: a.
Understanding e-government concept. b.
Evaluate e-government in Cambodia and Indonesia through central ministries and
local provincial government websites.
1.3 Research scope
These includes: a.
Brief explanation on basic e-government concept.
b. Use web measure index with 20 parameters
in four stages model such as web presence, interaction, transaction, and participation.
c. Use usability inspection method with 24
components to evaluate the usability of government websites.
d. Evaluate 25 central and 24 local government
websites of Cambodia as well as 31 central and 33 local government websites of
Indonesia.
1.4 Research advantages
This research will be a foundation of understanding e-government concept and be a
reference for the future research. In addition, it will show the current status of e-government in
Cambodia and Indonesia.
2 The research is organized as follows.
Section 1 is an introduction related to the topic. Section 2 presents the review of several e-
government concepts. This includes information about current Cambodian and Indonesian e-
government. In addition, to list several challenges faced by developing countries in
implementing e-government. Section 3 shows the methodology. Section 4 discusses the result
of evaluating government websites. Finally, the last
section provides
conclusion and
recommendation towards
government improvement and further research on e-
government.
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
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