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The five commissioners of the KPK have the joint duty to ensure that the KPK and its staff will fulfill the public
‘s expectations in the fight against corruption. Appropriate resources, institutional structures, and procedures are
required to crack down a number of corruption cases. On the other hand, KPK aggressiveness working is supported by limited manpower and financial
resource. Interestingly since former KPK leaders deal with corruption offenses, the national police force to issue towards the work of the KPK to eradicate
corruption. An attempt to worsen the condition and to weaken the KPK authority exists when the KPK declares a candidate for the Indonesian Police chief, Com.
Gen. Budi Gunawan, a corruption suspect. Finally, these restrictions cannot freeze KPK performance to eradicate corruption because the immediate supports
then arise from Indonesian public.
2.2 Related Studies
In this part, there are some related studies provided to give a brief discussion on the CDA of corruption in the social practice evaluation. These
studies help the researcher to find the discursive strategies and the ideologies of newspaper so that the criticism emerges. There are five related studies describe in
this part. The first previous study was conducted by Mardikantoro 2014 that
describes the ideology in favor with national and local newspaper attitudes and point of views of corruption cases in Indonesia. They are manifested in anti-
corruption editorials which involve formal language structures. He employs the CDA framing of Fairclough and Woodak to gain the data of discursive practice
as a reflection of social practice.
Koran Tempo
in its two editorials indicates a PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
40
disagreement over corruption news that the Judge decision is totally unfair. The several facts in the Court are not provable and mean to the offense the
corruption investigator as the defendant.
Kompas, Republika, Koran Tempo, Ja wa Pos,
and
Suara Merdeka
, on the other hand, have attitudes and views indicating agreement to support corruption
news in newspapers. The support refers to attempts to eradicate corruption that can be manifested in the arrest of a suspect in corruption, the court, and the
verdict on a suspect in corruption. The research concludes the framing interpretation about newspaper attitudes through two points of views, pro, and
contra to corruption cases. The second previous study was conducted by Saputri and Suratnoaji
2015 that focuses on two national newspapers,
Seputar Indonesia SINDO
and
Ja wa Post JP.
The discursive strategies are found to probe for ideological goals behind the text constructions about the former ruling Democrat Party leader,
Anas Urbaningrum AU, corruption case before the 2014 general election. Van Dijk
‘s socio-cognitive approach is employed for a critical perspective on discourse analysis CDA. The rhetoric of
SINDO
texts is more defensive, very systematic and consistent in reporting AU a suspect in corruption and money
laundering cases. The discursive strategies refer to disagreements of the Anas political rivals
‘ accusation, exaggerating internal conflict between Anas and his political rivals, attacking others
‘ contra opinion and defending AU position through its news texts.
On the other hand,
JP
texts present more frequent attacking comments and accusation by quoting some party senior cadres to AU. The propositions about
41
pools results influence the Democrat Party popularity and electability that dropped significantly because of corruption issue. Another
JP
discursive strategy refers to the KPK proposition about AU case law enforcement. In
conclusion, this research clearly define the political scenario discourse is mediated through the
SINDO
texts while the
JP
texts emphasize the judgment for corruptors based on the corruption laws.
The third study was conducted by Mayasari, Darmayanti and Riyanto 2013 that describes the CDA in
Media Indonesia MI
Daily Newspaper. By using the three-dimensional framework of Fairclough, the objectivity and the
subjectivity to analysis are found. The nationalism ideology of
MI
supports anti- corruption movement. Moreover, the negative representation is showed by the
certain language features and diction that the House of Representatives DPR as a government institution is unfair to KPK not to support for its building
procurement. It is also implied that the political interests of Media Indonesia leader who becomes the founder of the National Democratic Party Nasdem
conduct a positive image of the party he leads. This research more or less can define that the ideologies in news texts proven by language usage in the micro-
analysis represent its writer andor institution interests. In conclusion, political power, domination, and inequality can be found when journalists report the news.
The fourth was conducted by Agbedo 2012. CDA that using analytic- three-dimensional framework of Fairclough
– discourse-as-text or description, discourse-as-discursive-practice or interpretation,
and discourse-as-social- practice or explanation
‒ also focus on a corruption case. By using multidisciplinary study, Agbedo found the clever ways why Nigerians use the
42
spoken and written of the English language with less integrity and in so doing, abuse the power of language in communication. Consequently, corruption
through deception, manipulation, judgmental accusations, and lying are the production from the implications of language use, described as
―verbal carpentry‖ - a bad foresight for good governance in Nigeria. This research helps to simplify
how to explain the metatextual messages of political corruptors become an interpretation of discursive practice in a discourse.
The last study was conducted by Tallapessy 2015 that discusses appraisal theory in analyzing the critical discourse of
The Ja ka r ta P ost TJP
news of corruption cases. Because
TJP
is an English language newspaper and targets to expatriates and well-educated, middle to upper-class readers; this study
is intended to criticize
TJP
attitude towards the construction of pro and contra. By using Halliday
‘s Systematic Functional Grammar SFG, the lexicogrammatical patterns of six news articles can demonstrate how the
corruption cases become entertainment in Indonesia media, and how the appraiser on each example operates hisher attitude in terms of affect, judgment,
or appreciation to show hisher feeling towards the case. The analysis of interpersonal meaning indicates that the absence of modality and the using
certain adverbs refer to the strong judgment of
TJP
journalists in order to get public support for the Indonesia anti-corruption movement. The analysis of
ideational meaning proves that attributives produce
TJP
subjectivity towards the issue in news. This research concludes that bias and power of information in news
are the good economy, social and political commodities for readers to consume. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
43
2.3 Theoretical Framework
This chapter has elaborated several theories of CDA, ideology, language and symbolic power, media discourse, Systemic Functional Grammar SFG, the
Jakarta Post TJP ,
and Corruption Eradication Commission KPKKomisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Further, this part helps the present researcher in showing
how the theories would answer the research questions. The theory of CDA helps this study how a context discourse cannot be
independent without text, and a text cannot be freedom without its writer. It believes that a certain condition can influence the production of texts. This theory
enlightens the researcher that in the critical analysis of a discourse, there should be ideologies in order to determine dominance, social inequality and power
imbalance in the producing of text. As the one sub-branches of CDA, Mediated Political Discourse Analysis provides a theory for this study that the
communicative events between the text producers and the readers creates uncovered ideologies and indicates to form a social practice. Moreover, the
orders of discourse can define the discursive strategies delivered by media. With other forms of social analysis, the criticism finds its way to convey the power
behind the language use. The benefit in applying the theory is that problems especially political corruption can in principle be studied more completely and
sometimes more adequately when the issues of corruption are realized in an important discursive dimension.
The theory of ideology is concerned with how beliefs and concerns are associated with particular social groups
‘ interests so that they become general beliefs and concerns and have effects on social life reality. The benefit of
